Lebanon travel advice

Travel Summary

• There are confirmed human cases of A (H1N1) – swine flu in Lebanon. The WHO website has further details. You should monitor local media reports for any further developments and advice. There is a dedicated swine flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on pandemic flu is available on the UK Department of Health website.
  
  
• Travel to some areas of Lebanon requires caution. We advise against all travel to Palestinian refugee camps and against all but essential travel to south of the Litani.
  
  
• On 11 September 2009, two rockets were fired from a location south of Tyre, southern Lebanon into Akhziv, north of Nahariya in northern Israel. The Israelis responded by firing a number of shells near rocket launch site. No casualties were reported on either side.
  
  
• Although the situation overall in Lebanon is calm, it is fragile. On several occasions in recent years, the security situation has deteriorated quickly. Anyone travelling to Lebanon should keep themselves well informed and closely monitor political and security developments.
  
  
• 36 British nationals required consular assistance in Lebanon in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009 for the following types of incident; deaths (10 cases), hospitalisations (2 cases), and arrests, for a variety of offences (8 cases). During this period assistance was also requested with regard to lost or stolen passports (17 cases).
  
  
• If you choose to travel to Lebanon we recommend that you register with the British Embassy. You can do this online at LOCATE . See the general (registration) section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• There is a high threat from terrorism in Lebanon. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers such as hotels and restaurants. See the terrorism section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• If you decide to travel to Lebanon we recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance. You should check your travel insurance covers visits to Lebanon, and all the activities you want to undertake. See the general (insurance) section of this advice and the travel insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a high threat from terrorism in Lebanon. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers such as hotels and restaurants. Previous terrorist attacks have taken various forms, including vehicle bombs, hand grenades and small, improvised bombs. There is a risk that Western and British interests may be targeted as well as areas where large numbers of people congregate. You are advised to maintain a high level of vigilance in public places, including tourist sites. For more general information see terrorism abroad.

On 11 September 2009, two rockets were fired from a location south of Tyre, southern Lebanon into Akhziv, north of Nahariya in northern Israel. The Israelis responded by firing a number of shells near rocket launch site. No casualties were reported on either side.

Since 2004 a number of Lebanese and Palestinian politicians and officials have been assassinated. Civilians have also been killed and wounded in these attacks as well as in random bombing incidents. A car bomb killed a senior politician in the Chouf Mountains east of Beirut on 10 September 2008 and bomb attacks in Tripoli on 13 August and 29 September 2008 against the army, killed and injured a number of people.

Since March 2009 the Lebanese army has been taking action against armed criminal gangs in the Beka’a valley involved in drug smuggling and car thefts. The army has been the target to reprisals. Four soldiers were killed in an incident on 13 April.

There has also been a number of attacks against UN troops in Lebanon. In June 2007, a roadside bomb killed six Spanish peacekeepers in south Lebanon. On 8 January 2008 a roadside bomb near Sidon targeted a UN convoy injuring two peacekeepers.

For further information read the terrorism abroad.

Crime

The risk to tourists from petty or violent crime is low by international standards, though vehicle crime and bag snatching continues to be relatively high. In addition there are increasing reports of armed robberies taking place in shared taxis (known locally as Service taxis) with passengers being robbed by either the driver or other passengers. It is advisable to only use taxis from recognised companies and to not use shared taxis or taxis hailed on the street. Normal precautions should be taken.

For more general information see victims of crime abroad.

Political Situation

Lebanon country profile

Parliamentary elections held on 7 June 2009 passed off peacefully. The political situation remains calm as the constitutional process for forming a new government takes place, but events can change dramatically. Anyone travelling to Lebanon should try and keep themselves well informed and closely monitor political and security developments.

Local Travel

We advise against all travel to Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon, which remain in a state of tension and where the Lebanese state has limited capacity to impose law and order.

There has long been a pattern of violent clashes in particular in Ein El Helwe camp near Sidon in southern Lebanon. There is a risk that this instability in Ein El Hilwe could directly affect Sidon itself. Beddawi camp near Tripoli has also experienced particularly high levels of tension.

We advise against all but essential travel south of the Litani River. Although a large scale de-mining operation has made a big impact on the large amount of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs remaining from the 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah this still poses a danger to civilians in the more remote areas. Since 2006 the UN have deployed extra peacekeepers in the area south of the Litani which has led to a period of relative calm between Israel and Lebanon. However, the situation remains unpredictable.

Care should also be exercised if travelling to Tripoli where clashes have erupted between rival groups in the past leading to the death and injury of a number of people. Areas around Bab el Tabaneh and Jebel Mohsin are particularly tense.

Road Travel

An international driving licence is compulsory in Lebanon. This must be certified by the authorities on arrival.

Driving standards are poor and the accident rate is high. Traffic lights are not always observed. Self-drive hire is best left to the experienced. Seat belts must be worn (if fitted). Taxis are not always in good condition or safe; hotels can advise on firms with cars that are recognised as being safe and well maintained. Night driving should be avoided if possible, especially outside well-lit urban areas. Should you choose to drive your own car to Lebanon you should be aware that vehicles with diesel engines are now banned. Anyone attempting to enter the country in a diesel car will be required to leave the vehicle at the Syrian border.

You should carry identity papers with you at all times and be prepared to stop at check points and to show your papers. Since 20 May 2007 the army have been setting up temporary check points on major and minor roads.

For more general information see driving abroad.

Local laws and customs

Lebanon is part Muslim, part Christian. In many areas you will find dress codes more relaxed than in other countries of the region, but you should still dress modestly when visiting sites of religious significance such as mosques or churches, and also where it is clear that local people expect it.

You should respect the local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious areas. During Ramadan eating, drinking or smoking in public places between the hours of sunrise and sunset may cause offence in some areas. For more general information see travelling during Ramadan.

Possession, use and trafficking of controlled drugs are all serious offences in Lebanon, which carry custodial sentences.

Photography should be limited to tourist sites. Photographing military sites may result in your arrest.

The Lebanese Criminal Code contains a general provision concerning 'every sexual act against nature'. Lebanese courts consider that this provision includes homosexuality. A criminal offence under this provision is punishable with a custodial sentence of up to one year.

For more general information for different types of travellers see your trip.

Child Abduction

The main type of incident for which British nationals required consular assistance in Lebanon in 2007 was from mothers seeking help in overturning travel bans placed on their children by their fathers. Lebanese family law is very different from UK law and particular caution is needed when, for example, child custody becomes an issue.

If you have concerns about child custody you should seek advice before travelling to Lebanon about 'travel bans' that may be imposed by male heads of family to prevent wives, children or female family members leaving Lebanon. Even if a child holds a British passport they may be Lebanese automatically by descent and so be subject to Lebanese laws and regulations.

If children are travelling without their father accompanying them, proof that they have their father’s permission to travel may be requested by the immigration authorities.

Please see child abduction.

Entry requirements

Visas

British Citizens can apply for a single entry tourist or family visit visa on arrival at the port of entry. British Overseas Citizens and British Protected Persons are still required to obtain a visa prior to travel. Visa requirements are subject to change, so you may wish to contact the nearest Lebanese Embassy.

Overstaying without the proper authority is considered to be a serious matter. You may be refused permission to leave until a fine has been paid.

If your passport contains Israeli stamps you will be refused entry to Lebanon, even if you hold a valid Lebanese visa.

Passport validity

Your passport should be valid for at least 9 months from the date of your in arrival Lebanon.

Health

There are confirmed human cases of A (H1N1) – swine flu in Lebanon. The World Health Organisation (WHO) pandemic threat alert phase has been raised to Level 6. The WHO website has further details. You should monitor local media reports for any further developments and advice. There is a dedicated the swine flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu is available on the UK Department of Health website.

Medical treatment in Lebanon can be expensive. Most hospitals are well equipped. Doctors are generally well qualified though nursing standards vary. The majority of medical staff speak French and English.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 3,000 adults aged 15 or over in Lebanon were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 0.1% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Lebanon and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct 0845 46 47.

For more general information see travel health.

Natural disasters

Lebanon is in an earthquake zone. However there have been no damaging tremors in recent years.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See travel insurance for further information.

If things do go wrong when you are oversees then see how we can help.

Registration

We recommend that British residents in Lebanon as well as British visitors (tourists and business visitors) register with the British Embassy in Beirut.

You can register via our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are in Lebanon so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. When you are first registered with us you will be assigned a Warden who will, in turn, contact you to make themselves known. You only need to register for the service once and then update your account when you make a new trip abroad. You can even add planned trips abroad up to a year ahead. Help in register is available by contacting the Embassy.

Ensure that your travel documents are readily available and that your permission to remain or reside in Lebanon is up to date as failure to do so may impede your departure from Lebanon.

Where to get information during a crisis

In the event of a situation arising where we need to get information to you urgently your Warden network will contact you. If, however, there is a loss of communication between you and the Warden network you should monitor the following media outlets for updated information and advice to the community:

TV Stations:
LBCI
New TV
NBN
Future News
OTV

Radio Stations:
Radio One 105.5 FM
Voice of Lebanon 93.3 FM
Radio Oreint 88.3- 88.6 FM
Sawt El Ghad 97.1- 96.7 FM
BBC Arabic 93.1 FM

Websites:
www.naharnet.com (English Website)
www.nowlebanon.com (English website)
www.dailystar.com.lb (English)
www.bbc.co.uk (English)
www.bbc.co.uk/arabic (Arabic)
www.elnashra.com (Arabic Website)
www.tayyar.org (Arabic Website)

Kuwait travel advice

Travel Summary

• On 24 August 2009, one of the main pumping stations in Kuwait City has broken down and untreated sewage has been released into the sea. It is strongly advisable to avoid swimming in the sea off Kuwait City until the problem has been resolved.
  
  
• There have been confirmed human cases of the A (H1N1) virus (swine flu) in Kuwait, including a death (source: the Kuwait Government). The Kuwaiti authorities are screening visitors and transiting passengers for A (H1N1). This may result in the request for payment for medical procedures. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised its pandemic threat alert phase to Level 6. The WHO website has further details. You should monitor media reports for any developments and advice. There is a dedicated swine flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on pandemic flu is available on the UK Department of Health website.
  
  
• There remains a general threat from terrorism. Terrorists continue to issue statements threatening to carry out attacks in the Gulf region. These include references to attacks on Western interests, including residential compounds, military, oil, transport and aviation interests. See the terrorism section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• In August 2009, Kuwaiti security forces disrupted a Kuwaiti terrorist cell and arrested six Kuwaiti nationals who were in the final stages of planning a major attack against a US military base in Kuwait. In January and February 2005, Kuwaiti security forces mounted operations against suspected militants and discovered bomb-making equipment and material linked with planned kidnaps. Three individuals associated with these incidents are still at large and remain a threat to Westerners and Western interests in the region.
  
  
• You should review your security arrangements carefully and maintain a high level of security awareness, particularly in public places. Avoid large gatherings and demonstrations. Exercise caution if you intend to travel through or to conservative areas such as Jahra, where there have been a significant number of incidents involving firearms, and Jleeb As Shuyoukh where there were riots by migrant workers protesting about their conditions in summer 2008.
  
  
• Most visits are trouble-free. 35 British nationals required consular assistance in Kuwait in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009 for the following types of incident; deaths (11 cases), hospitalisations (6 cases), and arrests, for a variety of offences (10 cases). During this period assistance was also requested with regard to lost or stolen passports (16 cases). Labour disputes are common; the Embassy cannot usually intervene in these, so if you are considering coming to work in Kuwait you are advised to check the details of your contract thoroughly in advance.
  
  
• Penalties for trafficking, dealing and using illegal drugs are severe. Penalties for drug trafficking include the death sentence. See the local laws and customs section for more details.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the general (insurance) section of this advice and travel insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There remains a general threat from terrorism. Attacks cannot be ruled out and could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. Attacks could be directed against Western, including British, interests.

Terrorists continue to issue statements threatening to carry out attacks in the Gulf region. These include references to attacks on Western interests, including residential compounds, military, oil, transport and aviation interests. In August 2009, Kuwaiti security forces disrupted a Kuwaiti terrorist cell and arrested six Kuwaiti nationals who were in the final stages of planning a major attack against a US military base in Kuwait. In January and February 2005, Kuwaiti security forces arrested nearly 40 suspected militants in a series of operations, some involving shooting. Bomb-making equipment and material linked with planned kidnaps were discovered. Most of those arrested have since been sentenced to death or to imprisonment. Three individuals associated with these incidents are still at large and remain a threat to Westerners and Western interests in the region.

You should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks, which could be against civilian targets, including places frequented by foreigners. For more general information see terrorism abroad. Please also check the British Embassy website.

Crime

Incidents of violent crime against foreigners are rare. Some 6,000 British nationals live in Kuwait, and we estimate over 40,000 visit each year. Most visits to Kuwait are trouble-free. However, you should exercise caution if you intend to travel through or to conservative areas such as Jahra, where there have been a number of incidents involving firearms, and Jleeb As Shuyoukh where there were riots by migrant workers protesting about their conditions in summer 2008.

For more general information see victims of crime abroad.

Political Situation

Kuwait country profile

Developments in Iraq, Iran and on the Middle East Peace Process continue to have an impact on local public opinion in the region. Emotions are currently high due to the Israeli attacks on Gaza and there have been several public demonstrations. You should be aware of local sensitivities on these issues and follow news reports about regional developments. Take sensible precautions for your personal safety and avoid public gatherings and demonstrations.

Local Travel

Only authorised road border crossing points into Iraq and Saudi Arabia should be used. Any other unauthorised movement in the vicinity of borders is illegal and dangerous: armed guards patrol the border area. If you are planning to cross the border from Kuwait into Iraq you, should ensure that you have the correct paperwork. The British Embassy can offer advice on this.

Landmines and other hazardous ordnance are still present in Kuwait. Off-road driving is therefore discouraged. However, if you do travel off-road, confine your movements – whether by bicycle or on foot - to clearly identifiable tracks, and exercise great care, because even if an area has been officially cleared, there is still a danger of unexploded ordnance. Do not pick up any strange metal, plastic or other objects lying around or souvenir-hunt for war memorabilia.

Road Travel

You can drive on an International Driving Licence. Third party insurance is compulsory. Anyone applying for residence in Kuwait can also drive on an International Driving Licence until such time as the residency permit is issued. Thereafter, a Kuwaiti driving licence is required.

Driving is hazardous. Many drivers pay scant attention to other road users; driving in excess of speed limits, switching lanes without warning, frequently ignoring traffic lights and using mobile phones while driving. You should remain vigilant at all times.

If you have an accident you must stay with the vehicle and not attempt to move it. Call the police. It is an offence to leave the scene of an accident before the police arrive.

Hailing a taxi from the road is not advisable in Kuwait, particularly if you are female. There have been a few incidents of passengers being harassed while doing so. We recommend that you book a taxi in advance by telephone, from a known and reputable taxi company.

For more general information see driving abroad.

Sea Travel

On 24 August 2009, one of the main pumping stations in Kuwait City has broken down and untreated sewage has been released into the sea. It is strongly advisable to avoid swimming in the sea off Kuwait City until the problem has been resolved.

Many areas of the Gulf are highly sensitive, including near maritime boundaries and the islands of Abu Musa and the Tunbs in the southern Gulf. The area in the northern Gulf, between Iran, Iraq and Kuwait has not been demarcated and vessels entering these areas have been detained and inspected; and there have been occasional arrests. Mariners should make careful enquiries before entering these waters or considering visiting ports.

In March 2006, a Dhow capsized in Bahrain. There were 58 fatalities, including 12 British nationals. Exercise care when travelling by Dhow, as the safety of these vessels may not be up to UK standards. You should also ensure that life jackets are available.

For more general information see river and sea safety.

Local laws and customs

Kuwait is a Muslim country. You should respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan (corresponding to mid-August/ September in 2009) or if you intend to visit religious areas.

For more general information see travelling during ramadan

In public, general modesty of behaviour and dress is expected. Women who wear shorts or tight-fitting clothes, in particular in downtown areas, are likely to attract unwelcome attention.

You should carry your passport or a Kuwait civil identification card, if you have one, at all times.

The importation of narcotics, alcohol, pork products and obscene material is forbidden and can lead to imprisonment. Convictions of possession and abuse of drugs can lead to a prison sentence of between five years and ten years and a heavy fine. Bail is usually not given for drug offences and even if found not guilty you can expect to spend several months detained in prison while the case progresses through the judicial system. Penalties for drug trafficking include the death sentence.

Drunken behaviour in public or driving under the influence of alcohol is punishable by a fine or imprisonment and/or deportation and the withdrawal of the driving licence.

Photography near government, military and industrial sites, particularly oil fields, is forbidden.

'Bouncing' cheques is illegal and the law does not provide for offenders to be released from custody on bail. 'Post dated' cheques can be banked immediately.

Homosexual behaviour is illegal, and so is any public display of affection between men and women.

Co-habiting of unmarried partners in Kuwait is illegal. If you wish to live with your partner in the same house, you need to be married.

For more general information for different types of travellers see your trip.

Entry requirements

Visas

British nationals travelling by air can obtain a 90-day visit/business visas on arrival in Kuwait. You will be charged three KD 3,000 (three Kuwaiti Dinars, just over £7) for the visa. Further information can be obtained from the Kuwait Embassy in London. Exchange facilities are available at Kuwait International Airport 24 hours a day, every day. You should have a ticket for travel out of Kuwait. It may speed the processing of the visa if the traveller is able to show a sponsor's letter or confirmation of a hotel reservation. If you have an Israeli stamp in your passport you may be refused visas/entry to Kuwait.

Travellers arriving by land or sea should obtain visas in advance from the Kuwaiti Embassy in London.

Passport validity

Your passport should be valid for at least six months beyond the end of your intended stay.

Entering from Iraq

If you are planning to enter Kuwait overland from Iraq, it is best to obtain a visa in advance. Take careful and up-to-date advice (including from the FCO travel advice) about travel in Southern Iraq, which remains very dangerous.

Applying to work or live in Kuwait

For work or residency visas you should apply to the Kuwaiti Embassy in London.

British nationals intending to apply for a residence visa for their dependants in Kuwait must make sure that they have their original marriage certificates legalised by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in the UK or by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the country in which they got married. The same procedure applies to their children’s original birth certificates. These documents are a must for processing a residence visa in Kuwait.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country. For further information on exactly what will be required at immigration please contact the Kuwaiti Embassy in London.

Health

There is a state medical service with local clinics and several good hospitals. There are also a number of doctors and dentists in private practice/hospitals. Fees are controlled by the State and are expensive.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Kuwait and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up to date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general diseases protection and prevention you should visit the websites of NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct 0845 46 47.

For more general information see travel health.

Avian influenza (bird flu)

Early in 2007 the Kuwaiti authorities reported outbreaks of avian influenza (bird flu) in the Wafra area (60km south-west of Kuwait city) and in Kuwait zoo. There have been no human infections or deaths reported.

The risk to humans from Avian Influenza is believed to be very low. As a precaution, you should avoid visiting live animal markets, poultry farms and other places where you may come into close contact with domestic, caged or wild birds; and ensure poultry and egg dishes are thoroughly cooked.

H1N1 influenza (swine flu)

There have been confirmed human cases of the A (H1N1) virus (Swine Flu) in Kuwait, including a death (source: the Kuwait Government). The Kuwaiti authorities are screening visitors and transiting passengers for A (H1N1). This may result in the request for payment for medical procedures. The World Health Organisation (WHO) pandemic threat alert phase has been raised to Level 6. The WHO website has further details. There is a dedicated swine flu page on this website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu is available on the UK Department of Health website.

Any person arriving from a country diagnosed with Swine Flu, eg UK, will be screened in arrival in Kuwait. The previous three-part health surveillance cards are no longer being given out. Passengers are now provided with an information card, instructing them to report to a clinic if they are experiencing influenza-like symptoms. If you are diagnosed with H1N1 Influenza you can expect to be quarantined in the infectious diseases hospital until cleared.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake.

If things go wrong when you are overseas, this is how we can help.

Commercial dispute

Anyone involved in a commercial dispute with a Kuwaiti company or individual may be prevented from leaving the country pending resolution of the dispute.

Retention of passports

It is common practice for the passports of foreign nationals resident in Kuwait to be retained by sponsors. You should keep a copy of your passport.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

Kuwait Airways

Kuwait Airways require flights to be reconfirmed at least 48 hours before departure.

Money

ATMs are widespread and credit cards are accepted almost everywhere.

Jordan travel advice

Travel Summary

• There are confirmed human cases of A (H1N1) swine flu in Jordan, including one death (Department of Health). The World Health Organisation (WHO) pandemic threat alert phase has been raised to Level 6. The WHO website has further details. You should monitor local media reports for any further developments and advice. There is a dedicated swine flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on pandemic flu is available on the UK Department of Health website. The Jordanian authorities have taken precautionary measures including establishing a hotline for information about swine flu which you can contact on +962 79 903 6023. They have also designated 19 health institutions across the Kingdom to receive suspected cases, and have installed thermal scanning cameras at Queen Alia International Airport and border crossings to gauge the temperatures of people entering the country. Jordanian Ministry of Health guidelines state that those infected with A (H1N1) and suffering from respiratory disease will be admitted to hospital and receive anti-viral treatment. Infected people in high risk categories, including children, pregnant women, the elderly and those with chronic diseases will be treated at home and only admitted to hospital if they develop complications. British nationals with confirmed A (H1N1) infection in Jordan alert the British Embassy on 00962 6 5909200.
  
  
• There remains a general threat from terrorism in Jordan. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• There have been a number of successful and attempted terrorist attacks in Jordan since 2001. On 4 September 2006, a shooting incident in downtown Amman left one British national dead and a number of other tourists injured. On 9 November 2005, three suicide bombers killed 60 people and injured almost 100 in hotels in Amman. There were no British casualties amongst these. The Jordanian security forces continue to remain on a state of alert.
  
  
• Developments in the region may trigger public unrest. You should take care to avoid demonstrations, which can turn hostile, and be particularly vigilant in public places.
  

• The tension in the region remains high in light of the Israeli military action in Gaza which ended in January 2009. There is no specific risk for the safety of British visitors and residents in Jordan but they should be aware of popular feelings and be alert to developments.
  

• If you are planning to travel to Jordan, you should be careful about, and confident of, your personal security arrangements throughout your visit. Although levels of crime are generally low, women, in particular, should be careful to avoid situations where they might become victims of sexual assault. There were three reported incidents in September/October 2007. See the crime section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• On 16 July 2008, at the end of a concert in the Amman Roman Amphitheatre, four Lebanese musicians and an Israeli Arab woman were shot and wounded by a lone gunman as they boarded a bus.
  
  
• You should take extra care at the borders with Israel and Iraq. You should take particular care when using Jordanian service taxis to cross into neighbouring countries.
  
  
• Most visits to Jordan are trouble-free . 13 British nationals required consular assistance in Jordan in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009 for the following types of incident: deaths (4 cases), hospitalisations (2 cases), and arrests, for a variety of offences (3 cases). During this p eriod assistanc e was also requested with regard to lost or stolen passports (15 cases).
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the general (insurance) section of this advice and travel insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There remains a general threat from terrorism in Jordan. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For more general information see terrorism abroad.

• On 1 March 2006, the Jordanian authorities seized explosives and arrested three individuals suspected of planning to carry out a terrorist attack in Amman.
• On 9 November 2005, three suicide bombers killed 60 people and injured almost 100 in the Radisson SAS, Days Inn and Grand Hyatt hotels in Amman. There were no British casualties.
• On 19 August 2005, there was a rocket attack in the port of Aqaba in which one Jordanian soldier was killed and another injured. There were no foreign casualties.

Border

Jordan’s land borders are prone to periodic closure.

You should take extra care at the borders with Israel and Iraq.

You should take particular care when using taxis for journeys into neighbouring countries.

Iraq - For specific advice on travel to Iraq refer to the FCO travel advice: Iraq. There have been incidences when passengers have been handed over to kidnappers once in Iraq.

Syria - For specific advice on travel to Syria refer to the FCO travel advice: Syria. There have been reports of taxi drivers using the opportunity to indulge in minor smuggling, particularly if travelling late at night.

Crime

Although levels of crime are generally low, women, in particular, should be careful to avoid situations where they might become victims of sexual assault. There have been three reported incidents in September/October 2007. Advice from the Jordanian police is that, anyone who finds themselves stranded - even in daytime - should call the police (191 or 192). The police will then take the person to a place of safety. Do not accept lifts from strangers. If you have to use a taxi and are resident in Jordan, try to use a regular driver whom you trust and keep his telephone number with you at all times. In the case of short-term visitors to Amman, your hotel should be able to introduce you to a reliable driver. For more general information see rape and sexual assault abroad.

Most other crime is limited to pick pocketing and occasional bag snatching. To avoid becoming a victim, stay alert and keep your money and valuables secure.

Most visits to Jordan are trouble free.

For more general information see victims of crime abroad.

Kidnappings

You should be aware that the long-standing policy of the British government is not to make substantive concessions to hostage takers. The British government considers that paying ransoms and releasing prisoners increases the risk of further hostage taking.

Political situation

Jordan country profile

Developments in Iraq and on the Middle East Peace Process continue to have an impact on local public opinion in the region. There are occasional demonstrations in response to events in Gaza and the West Bank at refugee camps, university campuses and town centres. You should be aware of local sensitivities on these issues. You should follow news reports and be alert to regional developments, which might trigger public disturbances. You should take sensible precautions for your personal safety and avoid political gatherings and demonstrations – although the local authorities monitor demonstrations carefully and effectively, they are unlikely to get out of control. You should avoid downtown Amman after Friday prayers.

Road travel

You should obtain an International driving licence before travelling to Jordan.

There are a high number of road accidents. You should drive with care, especially at night, and avoid driving on unlit roads due to poor road conditions. Make sure you obtain third party insurance. Special care should be taken when driving outside urban areas at night and should be avoided if possible. Most roads are unlit and stray animals, broken-down vehicles and unmarked roadworks are commonplace.

The police carry out random security checks at checkpoints on the roads. You should keep identification documents with you to present at these checkpoints. The police also strictly enforce the speed limit and issue on the spot fines between 15 to 150 Jordanian Dinars.

Front seatbelts are required by law. Failure to wear one can result in a fine. All cars must carry a fire extinguisher and warning triangle. Child car seats are generally not available.

In Jordanian law a driver is always guilty if they hit a pedestrian. If you are involved in such an incident, you could face imprisonment and be liable for the payment of hospital bills and other compensation.

Landmines may be located near military installations and borders. Minefields are usually fenced off and marked with a skull and crossbones sign, but fences and signs may be in a state of poor repair.

Roads in mountain areas, including Petra and the surrounding area, can become blocked and cars/coaches can become trapped by occasional heavy snow falls in winter.

For more general information see driving abroad.

Local laws and customs

Local laws reflect the fact that Jordan is a Muslim country. You should respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious areas. For more general information see travelling during Ramadan.

The government does not interfere with the practice of Christianity but encouraging conversion to the Christian faith is illegal. It is also considered for a Muslim to convert to Christianity.

Jordan is a conservative society. You are reminded to dress modestly and behave courteously.

Possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs is a serious offence and can result in lengthy prison sentences and heavy fines.

Whilst Jordanian law may not explicitly outlaw homosexual acts, Jordan is a conservative society and public displays of affection between homosexual couples are not generally tolerated; they could result in arrest and prison sentences imposed under Jordanian law.

Women are advised to take extra caution when travelling alone as there have been isolated incidents of harassment.

For more general information for different types of travellers see your trip.

Entry requirements

Visas

You need an entry visa to Jordan. You can obtain single entry visas, valid for 1 month, on arrival at any port of entry, except for the King Hussein Bridge at the Jordan/Israel border. A single entry visa costs 10 Jordanian Dinars.

If you wish to visit Israel and the Palestinian Authority during your visit, it is better to obtain a multiple entry visa before departure from the Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in London.

If you would like a multiple entry visa you can only apply for this at Jordanian diplomatic missions abroad.

You can extend your visa up to three months at any police station after your arrival. You are allowed to extend your stay in Jordan for a maximum period of six months. If you do not extend the validity of your visa, and stay in Jordan after your visa expires you will be fined 1.5 Jordanian Dinars for each day you overstay.

Passport Validity

You need a valid passport to enter Jordan and it should have at least 6 months before expiry.

Travelling with Children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country. For further information on exactly what will be required at immigration please contact the Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in London.

HIV Test

You must undergo an HIV test if you intend to stay in Jordan for more than three months, either as a resident or as a long-term visitor.

Dual nationals

If you are a British/Jordanian national, you are allowed to use your British passport on arrival, but will need to show your Jordanian passport on departure.

Health

Medical facilities outside Amman are basic and primitive and in an emergency you are advised to seek treatment in Amman. However, if needed, emergency treatment is also available in Aqaba. But please be aware for more complicated matters you will be transferred to Amman.

The temperature in summer months can reach over 40 degrees Celsius. Take care and use high factor sun-block. Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Jordan and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see travel health.

A (H1N1) - swine flu

There are confirmed human cases of A (H1N1) swine flu in Jordan, including one death (Department of Health). The World Health Organisation (WHO) pandemic threat alert phase has been raised to Level 6. The WHO website has further details. You should monitor local media reports for any further developments and advice. There is a dedicated the swine flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu is available on the UK Department of Health website. The Jordanian authorities have taken precautionary measures including establishing a hotline for information about swine flu which you can contact on +962 79 903 6023. They have also designated 19 health institutions across the Kingdom to receive suspected cases, and have installed thermal scanning cameras at Queen Alia International Airport and border crossings to gauge the temperatures of people entering the country. Jordanian Ministry of Health guidelines state that those infected with A (H1N1) and suffering from respiratory disease will be admitted to hospital and receive anti viral treatment. Infected people in high risk categories, including children, pregnant women, the elderly and those with chronic diseases will be treated at home and only admitted to hospital if they develop complications. British nationals with confirmed A (H1N1) infection in Jordan should alert the British Embassy on 00962 6 5909200.

Avian influenza (bird flu)

On 24 March 2006, the Jordanian authorities confirmed an outbreak of avian influenza (bird fu) in domestic poultry near Ajloun in the north of Jordan. There have been no further outbreaks reported. No human infections or deaths have been confirmed.

The risk to humans from avian influenza is believed to be very low. As a precaution, you should avoid visiting live animal markets, poultry farms and other places where you may come into close contact with domestic, caged or wild birds; and ensure poultry and egg dishes are thoroughly cooked.

You should read this advice in conjunction with avian and pandemic influenza, which gives more detailed advice and information.

Natural disasters

There are occasional earth tremors in Jordan. The last one occurred in February 2008, and measured 5.2 on the Richter scale.

General

Insurance

You are recommended to obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. Ensure your insurance covers unexpected losses or expenses eg lost luggage, stolen cash and credit cards or cancelled/missed flights. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. Please see travel insurance for more information.

If things go wrong when overseas, then this is how we can help.

Visas for Syria and Saudi Arabia

If you are travelling from Jordan to Syria and Saudi Arabia, you must obtain these visas before arriving in Jordan. If your passport contains Israeli stamps or Jordanian or Egyptian stamps from border crossings with Israel, you will be refused entry to Syria and Saudi Arabia, even if you have a valid visa.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

Money

Cash machines are available throughout Amman and at the Queen Alia airport. There is limited availability in the rest of the country.

Egypt travel advice

Travel Summary

• There are confirmed human cases of the H1N1 virus (Swine Flu) in Egypt, including several reported deaths. The World Health Organisation (WHO) Pandemic Threat Alert Phase has been raised to Level 6. The WHO website has further details. You should monitor local media reports for any developments and advice. There is a dedicated Swine flu page on this website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website. See the Health section of this advice for further information. Egyptian authorities screen for t Swine Flu at several airports, including Cairo, Hurghada, Taba, Luxor and Sharm El Sheikh. You may be asked to undergo further tests if you show flu-like symptoms, including high temperatures. If you have a high temperature and/or flu like symptoms, you should seek medical advice prior to travel to prevent problems on arrival in Egypt. Please see the Swine Flu section of this advice for more information.
  

• There is a high threat from terrorism in Egypt. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers, such as hotels and restaurants.
  

• Since 2004 there have been three separate bomb attacks in the Sinai Peninsula and four in Cairo, the latest on 10 May 2009. These attacks killed and injured a number of British nationals. See the Terrorism Section of this advice for more details.
  

• The Rafah crossing between Egypt and Gaza remains closed for an indefinite period. For travel advice on Gaza see the travel advice for Israel and the Occupied Territories.
  

• You should avoid political gatherings and demonstrations, and respect any advice or instruction from the local security authorities.
  

• Outbreaks of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) in Egypt have led to 27 human fatalities since 2006. The last fatality was in May 2009. See the Health (Avian Influenza) section of this advice and Avian and Pandemic Influenza for more details.
  
  
• 1,201,859 British nationals visited Egypt in 2008 (source: Egyptian Ministry of Tourism). Most visits are trouble-free. 432 British nationals required consular assistance in Egypt in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009 for the following types of incident; deaths (108 cases); hospitalisations (97 cases); and arrests, for a variety of offences (45 cases). During this period assistance was also requested with regard to lost or stolen passports (153 cases). The majority of consular cases occur in Cairo and Sharm el-Sheikh.
  
• Egyptian society is conservative and women should dress modestly. See the Local Laws and Customs section of this advice for details.
  
  
• The crime rate in Egypt is low but you should safeguard valuables including your passport and money. You should carry some form of photographic ID at all times. A copy of your passport is sufficient.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, e.g. around pandemic flu and that your policy covers you for the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and Travel Insurance for more details.
  

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a high threat from terrorism in Egypt. Security is tight throughout Egypt, especially in resort areas. There remains a risk of indiscriminate attacks in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers, such as hotels and restaurants. Egyptian security forces continue to carry out counter-terrorist operations in some areas of Sinai. Security authorities may insist on escorting you in some areas.

On the evening of 10 May 2009, an explosion occurred outside St Mary’s Church in Zeitoun, Cairo. No one was injured. The security services are still at a high state of alert and you may be stopped and questioned. We recommend that you carry photo identification and co-operate fully with officials.

You must apply for a permit from the Travel Permits Department of the Egyptian Ministry of the Interior, located at the corner of Sheikh Rihan and Nubar Streets in downtown Cairo, if you intend to travel to the south west corner of the country near the Egypt/Sudan/Libya border. We advise extreme caution in travelling to this area. The issuing of permits was suspended during the autumn of 2008 following the kidnap of 19 people whilst on safari in the Karkur Talh area, near the border. The borders in this area are porous and bandits and armed groups operate. You should not travel to the area without a legally obtained permit and you should closely consider whether your security arrangements are adequate.

Since 2004 there have been three separate bomb attacks in the Sinai Peninsula. Three of these attacks have killed and injured a number of British nationals. The most recent incident involving British nationals occurred on 24 April 2006 in the resort town of Dahab killing 23 people, and injuring more than 60 including three British nationals. The Multinational Force and Observers are also targets of indiscriminate attacks and have been the victims of bomb attacks in 2005 and 2006.

You should be aware that some of these attacks have taken place over local holiday weekends. Egyptian security forces tend to step up their presence at these times. For more general information see Terrorism Abroad.

Crime

The crime rate in Egypt is low but you should take sensible precautions. Take care of your passport and valuables, use hotel safes and be aware of pickpockets and bag snatchers. If you are travelling alone or in small groups, you are advised to take extra caution, as there have been many cases of harassment, the majority targeting women, especially on the streets of busy cities or at the beach resorts. If you are the victim of any crime you must report it to the Tourist Police immediately. Failure to report crimes before you leave Egypt will make it impossible to seek a prosecution at a later date.

During 2008 there was an increase in reports of sexual assault cases by British Nationals to Consular staff. In 2008, we handled 24 cases of serious sexual assault and six cases of rape. Some of these assaults were against minors. Many have occurred in what were considered to be safe environments e.g. hotel premises

. For more guidance about this see Rape and Sexual Assault.

Be aware that alcohol and drugs can lead to you being less alert, less in control and less aware of your environment. If you are going to drink, know your limit. Remember that drinks served in bars overseas are often stronger than those in the UK.

Taxis and minibuses often overcharge tourists for airport transfers. You should ensure that you agree with the driver a charge for the ride before taking it.

For more general information see Victims of Crime.

Political Situation

Egypt Country Profile

Opposition in Egypt to Western and British policy in the Middle East is widespread. You should follow news reports and be alert to developments in the Middle East that might trigger public disturbance. You should avoid political gatherings and demonstrations, and respect any advice or instruction from the local security authorities.

Border Areas

The area of the border between Egypt and Gaza is tense due to the situation there. The Rafah crossing is controlled by the Egyptian authorities and remains closed indefinitely, however the Egyptian authorities do occasionally open it for short periods. You should contact the Egyptian authorities for details of any of planned temporary openings. For the latest requirements on crossing from Egypt to Gaza, delivering aid or entering for humanitarian purposes, you should contact the Egyptian Embassy in London. All aid to Gaza from the Egyptian side is channelled through the Egyptian Red Crescent (Tel + 20 226 703 979, + 20 226 703 983, Fax + 20 226 703 967). You should contact the Egyptian Red Crescent, in parallel with the Egyptian authorities, to agree the consignment methodology and agree any costs involved well in advance of sending any aid/medical equipment or supplies. Short notice requests and those made in Egypt are unlikely to be considered. You can also contact the British Embassy in Cairo for more information about crossing into Gaza and you should see the Travel Advice for Israel and the Occupied Territories.

Other border areas with Libya, Sudan and Israel should also be treated with extreme caution. You should obtain the necessary permits before travelling to these areas and check regularly for updates. See the Road Travel section of this advice (below) for more details.

Local Travel

Road Travel

You can drive in Egypt on an International driving licence for up to six months. If you intend to remain in Egypt for a longer period you must apply for an Egyptian driving licence.

Road accidents are very common in Egypt, mainly due to poor roads, dangerous driving and non-enforcement of traffic laws. Police estimate that road accidents kill over 6,000 people in Egypt each year. This is twice the UK figure. Avoid driving on country roads at night and observe the local speed limit. Make sure you obtain adequate third party insurance. In the event of an accident emergency medical facilities are limited.

By law, seatbelts must be worn when travelling in the front of a vehicle. Where available, seatbelts should be worn at all times. Child car seats are available locally.

Only certain categories of foreign residents may import vehicles. Vehicles of visitors should be temporarily imported with a valid “carnet de passage” available from the Automobile Association.

Pavement and pedestrian crossings are not always present and drivers do not give right of way to pedestrians.

There have been eight serious bus crashes since January 2006, in which over 100 people have been killed. If you are a passenger in a vehicle that is travelling at an unsafe speed you should firmly instruct the driver to slow down.

If travelling off road, a qualified guide should be employed. The hiring of quad bikes can be dangerous. There have been several serious quad bike accidents involving British nationals in resort areas. You should take the same safety precautions as you would in the UK as safety standards can vary considerably. You should always wear a crash helmet and you should ensure that your travel insurance policy covers you fully before you hire a quad bike.

There have been three serious hot air balloon accidents in Luxor so far in 2009. You should consider the operator's safety arrangements carefully.

Travellers to remote destinations away from the main towns and border areas should contact the Travel Permits Department of the Ministry of the Interior, located at the corner of Sheikh Rihan and Nubar Streets in downtown Cairo as written permission may be required. You should not travel to these areas with a valid permit.

For more general information see Driving Abroad.

Rail Travel

Egypt's extensive rail network has experienced a number of accidents in recent years. The most serious took place in February 2002, when a fire developed in a train in southern Egypt and led to 361 fatalities. Most recently 42 people died and dozens were injured when a passenger train collided with traffic 270 north west of Cairo on 17 July 2008. There were no British nationals among those killed or injured.

River/Sea Travel

There have been four significant fires on Nile cruisers since September 2006. An Egyptian ferry sank in the Red Sea between Duba, Saudi Arabia and Safaga, Egypt in February 2006.

Egypt has a stable coastline and an active coastguard and therefore does not see the scale of piracy experienced in the Horn of Africa. However, there were two incidents in 2006 where robbers threatened smaller boats and stole equipment. Travellers in small or slow boats are advised to move in convoy and obtain detailed advice from the coastguard before carefully considering the risks in travelling through the Red Sea. Some cruise ships departing from Egyptian ports travel through the Gulf of Aden. You should consult the Department for Transport's latest advice on piracy in the Gulf of Aden if you are considering travelling through this region.

If you are considering diving or snorkelling in any of the Red Sea resorts you should be aware that safety standards of diving operators can vary considerably. A basic rule is never to dive or snorkel unaccompanied. Where possible you should make any bookings through your tour representative, and ensure that your travel insurance covers you fully before you dive. Diving beyond the depth limit of your insurance policy will invalidate your cover.

You should ensure that your travel insurance, or that of the tour or dive company, provides adequate cover for the costs involved in any air/sea rescue if you are lost at sea. The current fee can exceed $4000 per hour. The Egyptian authorities will only undertake air/sea rescue operations on receipt of a guarantee of payment. The British Embassy is unable to provide this initial guarantee, but does facilitate communication between the insurance company and the Egyptian authorities. There have been delays in the past in starting a rescue operation while such a guarantee has been sought from the insurance company. It is essential, therefore, that you have effective cover in place beforehand.

For more general information see River and Sea Safety.

Mines

There remains a small risk from unexploded mines in certain desert areas in the north west of Egypt near to Alamein, and on some limited stretches of the Mediterranean coast near Marsa Matrouh and on the Red Sea coast south of Suez. Danger areas are usually well marked with signs and barbed wire fencing. You should exercise caution and follow local advice, especially if planning trips off marked roads.

Local laws and customs

Local laws reflect the fact that Egypt is predominantly a Muslim country. You should respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs. This is especially important during the holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious areas. For more general information see Travelling During Ramadan.

The government does not interfere with the practice of Christianity but encouraging conversion to the Christian faith is illegal.

Egypt is also a conservative society. You should dress modestly, especially when visiting traditional areas like mosques and souqs (markets). Women's clothes should cover their legs and upper arms. Public displays of affection are frowned upon. What may be acceptable in the tourist resort areas may be frowned upon in other areas.

Visitors and residents should carry photographic ID at all times. Your passport must contain a valid visa.

Drinking in the street and anywhere other than a licensed restaurant or bar is not allowed and can lead to arrest.

Possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs is a serious offence and can, even for possession of small amounts, lead to lengthy prison sentences (25 years), life imprisonment or the death penalty. Those convicted to life imprisonment on drugs charges will normally spend the rest of their life in prison with no possibility of parole or pardon.

Photography of or near military official installations is strictly prohibited. Don’t photograph officials without their consent. Plane spotting is not advised in any circumstances. You may be detained or arrested if you use binoculars near an airport.

Although homosexuality is not in itself illegal under Egyptian law, homosexual acts in public are illegal and homosexuals have been convicted for breaching laws on public decency.

Women are advised to take extra caution when travelling alone as there have been cases of harassment and sexual assault, including rape.

Egyptian family law is very different from UK law and particular caution is needed when, for example, child custody becomes an issue. Please see parental child abduction.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Your trip.

Entry requirements

Visas

British passport holders travelling to Egypt normally require a visa. However, the Egyptian authorities state that "British nationals travelling to Sharm El Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba resorts only, for up to 14 days, do not require a visa, they shall receive a free entry permission stamp upon arrival. If you intend to travel out of the mentioned areas or overstay, you must obtain a visa." Visas can be obtained from an Egyptian Consulate outside Egypt or on arrival by payment in Sterling or USD, for stays of up to a month. If you have travelled to the Sinai peninsular, entering without a visa, and your plans change you can normally purchase a visa at Sharm El Sheikh airport to allow you to travel. Applications for visa extensions should be made at Egyptian Passport and Immigration Offices. Further information is available from the Egyptian Consulate and any enquiries should be directed to the Egyptian authorities.

A visa does not guarantee entry into Egypt. The decision to allow or decline entry rests solely with the Egyptian immigration authorities and we cannot interfere in another country's immigration policy or procedures. We will, however, do all we properly can to make contact within 24 hours of hearing of the detention of a British national to offer advice and contact relatives in the UK if requested.

You may have difficulties leaving Egypt with an out of date visa. You will not normally be allowed to leave if the visa is out of date by more than 14 days. For visas and further information on entry requirements, check with the Egyptian Embassy in your country of residence: the Egyptian Embassy in London.

Passport validity

Your passport should be valid for at least six months.

Work permits

Evidence of an AIDS test is required if you are applying for a work permit.

Customs regulations

5,000 Egyptian pounds is the maximum amount of local currency you are allowed to bring in or take out of Egypt. There is no limit to the amount of hard currency that you may bring in, but sums that exceed USD 10,000 should be declared on arrival. Egyptian currency should not be sent through the post.

Certain valuables such as electrical equipment, video camera etc must be declared on arrival. Electrical items noted in passports must be produced on exit from the country. Failure to do so will result in payment of high rates of customs duty. It is advisable to contact the Egyptian embassy in your country of residence for specific information regarding customs requirements.

Health

Medical facilities outside Cairo can be basic and in case of emergency you are advised to seek treatment in Cairo. You should ensure that your medical insurance covers the cost of local hospitalisation and medical repatriation to your country of residence.

Come prepared for the heat. Use a high factor sun block and drink plenty of water to guard against exposure and dehydration, which can result in serious health problems.

In general tap water is not safe to drink. Bottled water is cheap and readily available.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 9,000 adults aged 15 or over in Egypt were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at less than 0.1% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Egypt and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date.

For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection for Egypt you should check the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see Travel Health.

Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) (H5N1)

The first cases of bird flu in Egypt were confirmed on 17 February 2006. Since then, bird flu has been confirmed in 20 Governorates. This has led to a number of cases of human infection, including 27 fatalities, believed to have arisen from close contact with infected poultry. Since the end of 2003, a number of human deaths have also occurred in Azerbaijan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Iraq, Laos, Nigeria, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam.

Over 1.2 million British tourists visited Egypt in 2008 and the risk to humans from Avian Influenza is believed to be very low. However, as a precaution you should avoid visiting live animal markets, poultry farms and other places where you may come into close contact with domestic, caged or wild birds; and ensure poultry and egg dishes are thoroughly cooked.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has warned of the possibility that the Avian Influenza outbreaks could lead at some point to a human flu pandemic, if the virus mutates to a form which is easily transmissible between people.

British nationals living longer term in an Avian-Influenza affected region should take personal responsibility for their own safety in the event of a future pandemic, including considering their access to adequate healthcare and ensuring travel documents are up to date.

You should read this advice in conjunction with Avian and Pandemic Influenza, which gives more detailed advice and information.

Swine Flu - A (H1N1)

There are confirmed human cases of the H1N1 virus (Swine Flu) in Egypt, including several deaths. The World Health Organisation (WHO) Pandemic Threat Alert has been raised to Level 6. The World Health Organisation website has further details. You should monitor local media reports for any developments and advice. There is a dedicated Swine Flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be found on the UK Department of Health website.

Egyptian authorities screen for the Swine Flu virus at many Egyptian airports, including Cairo, Hurghada, Taba, Luxor and Sharm El Sheikh for passengers arriving on international flights. There is currently no exit screening in place although this may change with no notice. Several British nationals have been taken to hospital after showing high temperatures and/or flu like symptoms. If you have a high temperature and/or flu like symptoms, you should seek medical advice prior to travel to prevent hospitalisation on arrival in Egypt.

Anyone showing a temperature above 38 C (97.5 F) and/or demonstrating flu-like symptoms may be placed in a designated isolation hospital while further tests are carried out. Results from the tests can take up to 24 hours to be known. Those who test positive are required to remain in quarantine, in hospital, until the virus has been retested again after treatment and found to be negative.

Medical facilities can be basic and vary throughout the country. Consular staff are unable to secure better hospital facilities or food and because of isolation requirements are unable to visit those affected. British nationals who are hospitalised with swine flu should contact their insurance company and travel representative as soon as possible.

If you are quarantined in a private hospital you may be charged for accommodation, food and medical treatment even if you are found to be H1N1 negative. The British Embassy is unable to advance payment or settle bills on your behalf.

Natural disasters

Egypt is susceptible to occasional earthquakes; the last major one was in 1992.

General

Insurance

You are recommended to obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. Make sure it covers the cost of local hospitalisation and medical repatriation to your country of residence. You should check any exclusions, e.g. pandemic flu and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. If you intend to hire a quad bike you should always wear a crash helmet and ensure that your travel insurance policy covers you this. You should contact your insurer if you have had a previous health condition, including mental illness, as this may not be covered if it recurs. For more general information see Travel Insurance.

Here's how we can help if things go wrong.

Registering with the British Embassy

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

Money

Cash machines are quite common in Egypt, especially in the main tourist areas. Scottish and Northern Irish bank notes are not exchangeable in Egypt.

Major hotels and medical facilities will usually accept payment by credit card, however smaller hotels and medical establishments may expect payment in hard currency.

Purchase of Property

British nationals have purchased land in many parts of Egypt. Some have encountered problems. If you intend to purchase a property in Egypt we advise you to engage a local lawyer in whom you have confidence. A list of English speaking lawyers is available on the British Embassy Cairo website. You should deal only with established and reputable lawyers and estate agents or with other contacts whom they know to be reliable and genuine, and you should make all payments within bank premises and/or through banking channels and not in cash.

In parts of Egypt and increasingly, in the area of the West Bank in Luxor your land tenure rights can be severely curtailed by local legislation. It is important that your lawyer obtains an extract from the local land registry to satisfy you that the property or land in question is formally registered. You should again seek legal advice before entering into any contract. Don't sign anything that you do not understand. A list of translators is available on the British Embassy, Cairo website (see above). You should ensure that your personal details and the full purchase price of the property are reflected on the deeds.

The British Embassy is unable to interfere with court or legal proceedings. Neither can it lobby or provide updates to British national involved in land or property disputes.

Bahrian travel advice

Travel Summary

• The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised its Pandemic Threat Alert Phase to Level 6. The WHO website has further details. Check swine flu for further information.
  
  
• The general threat from terrorism in Bahrain remains. Terrorists continue to issue statements threatening to carry out attacks in the Gulf region. These include references to attacks on Western interests, including residential compounds, military, oil, transport and aviation interests.
  
  
• You should maintain a high level of security awareness, particularly in public places. You should avoid large gathering and demonstrations, a number of which have turned violent.
  
  
• 29 British nationals required consular assistance in Bahrain in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009 for the following types of incident; deaths (13 cases); hospitalisations (3 cases); and arrests, for a variety of offences (9 cases). During this period assistance was also requested with regard to lost or stolen passports (29 cases).
  
  
• Bahrain operates a zero tolerance to drink/driving and views all alcohol-related incidents dimly. Even travellers transiting Bahrain who are clearly intoxicated can be denied boarding and are detained and fined by Bahraini Public Security.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and travel insurance for more details.
  

Safety and security

Terrorism

There remains a general threat from terrorism in Bahrain. Attacks could be indiscriminate, and against Western, including British, interests, as well as against civilian targets, including places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

Terrorists continue to issue statements threatening to carry out attacks in the Gulf regions. These include references to attacks on Western interests, including residential compounds, military, oil, transport and aviation interests.

For more general information se terrorism abroad. Please also check the Bahrain: British Embassy Manama website.

You should maintain a high level of security awareness, particularly in public places. You should avoid large gatherings and demonstrations. British nationals who are travelling to, or are currently in Bahrain are advised to register with the British Embassy.

Crime

Some 8,000-10,000 British nationals live in Bahrain, and thousands more visit each year. Most visits are trouble free. Although incidents are not common, female visitors should take care when travelling alone at night and are advised to use one of the reputable taxi companies.

For more general information see victims of crime abroad.

Political Situation

Bahrain Country Profile

Developments in Iraq and on the Middle East Peace Process continue to have an impact on local public opinion in the region. You should be aware of local sensitivities on these issues. You should follow news reports and be alert to local and regional developments, which might trigger public disturbances. You should take sensible precautions for your personal safety and avoid public gatherings and demonstrations, some of which have turned violent.

Local travel

Road travel

Driving is permitted on a valid UK licence for three months, and indefinitely on a UK issued international driver's licence.

Bahrain operates a zero tolerance to drink/driving. If you are caught you will be arrested, put into the drivers prison and your case will not be heard until the next working day. First time offenders will have to pay a minimum £900 fine and could be banned from driving in Bahrain. British visitors from Saudi Arabia will subject to the same punishment but with the addition of a driving ban there also. For repeat offenders the costs and ban will be far harsher.

For more general information see driving abroad.

Air travel

Although alcohol is available at Bahrain airport, Bahraini Public Security officers and airline staff deal firmly with passengers believed to be intoxicated – even those solely in transit through Bahrain airport. Such passengers are denied boarding and are detained and fined by Bahraini Public Security.

Sea travel

On 30 March 2006, a Dhow capsized in Bahrain. There were 58 fatalities including 12 British nationals. You should exercise care when travelling by Dhow, as the safety of these vessels may not be up to UK standards. You should also ensure that life jackets are available.

Many areas of the Gulf are highly sensitive. Vessels entering these areas have been detained and inspected; and there have been occasional arrests. Mariners should make careful enquiries before entering these waters or considering visiting ports.

For more general information see river & sea safety.

Local laws and customs

Bahrain is a liberal state, but many Bahrainis are conservative and find revealing clothing or immoderate behaviour in public offensive. It is best to dress conservatively except within the confines of hotels or clubs, at least until you know your way around. Religious and social sensitivities should be observed and respected, especially during the religious festivals of the Shia community when black flags and banners may be in evidence. You should respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious areas. For more general information see travelling during Ramadan.

You should not bring video cassettes or DVDs into the country, as these may be withheld on arrival at the airport. Be aware of significant Muslim holidays, and note that Bahrainis observe a number of religious anniversaries that may not be celebrated in neighbouring Gulf countries. It is against the law for any Muslim to purchase alcohol from retail outlets.

Homosexual behaviour is illegal in Bahrain.

Always carry identification. You might be asked to produce it at any time.

For more general information for different types of travellers see your trip.

Entry requirements

Visas

The Bahrain Embassy in London issues six-month visit visas for approximately 20 pounds sterling. Three-month visas are granted on arrival for the equivalent of around 10 pounds sterling. Do not overstay the period of time allowed on your visa. Penalties and extension are surprisingly expensive.

Passport validity

Your passport should have at least six months validity when you travel.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country, or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country. For further information on exactly what will be required at immigration please contact the Bahrain Embassy in London.

Health

Emergency medical treatment is not free.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Bahrain and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should check the websites of NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see travel health.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see travel insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas see how we can help.

Registering with the British Embassy

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

Weekend in Bahrain

The local weekend in Bahrain is Friday and Saturday.