Trinidad and Tobago travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with an amendment to the Summary (removal of reference to Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting paragraph). The overall level of the advice has not changed.

Travel Summary

• You should be aware that there are high levels of violent crime, especially shootings and kidnappings. British nationals have been victims of violent attacks, particularly in Tobago where law enforcement is weak. See the Crime section of this advice.
  

• Around 57,000 British nationals visited Trinidad and Tobago in 2006 (Source: Central Statistical Office). 85 British nationals required consular assistance in Trinidad and Tobago in the period 01 April 2006 – 31 March 2007. The main types of incident for which they required consular assistance were for: replacing lost and stolen passports; violent crime; and dealing with arrests or detentions, mostly for drugs offences.
  

• The hurricane season in the Caribbean normally runs from June to November. See the Natural Disasters section of travel advice and our Tropical cyclones page.
  

• There is an underlying threat from terrorism. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. See the Terrorism section of this advice.
  

• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and our Travel Insurance page.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is an underlying threat from terrorism. Attacks, although unlikely, could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For more general information see our Terrorism Abroad page.

Crime

Trinidad

There is an increasing level of gang related violence and crime in Trinidad. Incidents are concentrated in the inner city neighbourhoods east of Port of Spain's city centre, particularly Laventille, Morvant and Barataria, but can occur in other areas.

Theft from vehicles and property can be a problem in parts of downtown Port of Spain and in other urban areas. Cruise ship passengers should take particular care when walking around the docks and downtown, and should avoid straying into areas affected by gang violence. There has also been a worrying increase in violent crime, muggings and robberies in all areas in 2009. There have also been attacks, some involving firearms, at tourist sites, including Fort George, the Pitch Lake, Las Cuevas beach and also at car parks of supermarkets, shopping malls, nightclubs, restaurants and business premises, including hairdressers and vegetable stalls. There have been a number of incidents involving British nationals, including stabbings and violent attacks.

You should not carry large amounts of cash or wear eye-catching jewellery. Use hotel safety deposit boxes to store valuables, money and passports. Do not walk alone in deserted areas even in daylight.

Tobago

Although many visits to Tobago are trouble free, crime against tourists in Tobago and the inability of the Tobago authorities to apprehend and prosecute the perpetrators remains a concern. The authorities on the island are taking positive steps and the response times of the police have improved.

There have been a number of serious robberies against tourists and residents. Some of these incidents have been accompanied by violence, including attempted rape. In August 2009 a British couple were attacked in their home in Bacolet. The couple suffered life threatening injuries that required medical evacuation to Port of Spain.In Bon Accord a British visitor was subject to a robbery and sexual assault at her villa in the Black Rock area. Caution is therefore advised when renting villas in Tobago. All villas should have adequate security measures in place, including the provision of external security lighting, grills and 24-hour security guards. You should be aware of your surroundings at all times and preferably carry a mobile 'phone with roaming capability for use in emergency. Petty theft from cars has also increased.

Visitors are advised to visit isolated beaches such as Englishman's Bay and King Peter's bay only as a member of an organised group. Consult your tour operator if in doubt. For more general information see our Rape and Sexual Assault Abroad page.

For more general information see our Victims of Crime Abroad page.

Political Situation

Trinidad and Tobago Country Profile

Local Travel

Road Travel

The standard of driving in Trinidad and Tobago is erratic. High speed road accidents on the main East/West and North/South highways in Trinidad that result in fatalities are a regular occurrence. Some of the roads are narrow and winding and the surface of a low standard. When hiring a car, you should drive with care. If you do not have a vehicle, you should use hotel taxis, particularly after dark.

For more general information see our Driving Abroad page.

Sea Travel

In June 2007 an accident involving two bathers and a motorised boat resulted in serious injuries and an air evacuation. Bathers should be aware that no local maritime legislation in Trinidad and Tobago law exists under which boat drivers can be charged and prosecuted for reckless driving following an incident.

For more general information see our River and Sea Safety page.

Local laws and customs

Drug traffickers face severe penalties in Trinidad and Tobago. The authorities are alert to the carriage of illicit drugs of any kind and checks are thorough. You should pack all luggage yourself and do not carry items which do not belong to you.

Trinidad and Tobago has a number of laws, which make certain homosexual acts illegal.

You should be aware that it is an offence for anyone, including children, to dress in camouflage clothing.

For more general information for different types of travellers see our Your Trip page.

Entry requirements

Visas

British visitors do not need visas to enter Trinidad and Tobago. Visitors are generally given 90 days to remain in the country but extensions can be obtained from the Passport and Immigration Department, 67 Frederick Street, Port of Spain.

Passport validity

You should ensure that your passport has a minimum of six months’ validity before entering Trinidad and Tobago.

Health

In some areas of Trinidad and Tobago medical facilities can be limited and may not be up to UK standards. Private clinics are able to treat most ordinary problems, but there may be a need for medical evacuation to Miami or elsewhere in cases of serious accident or illness. You should check that your insurance covers this.

Dengue Fever is common to Latin America and the Caribbean and can occur throughout the year. There has been a marked increase in the number of reported cases in Trinidad in 2008.

There have been some reports of a yellow fever outbreak amongst the monkey populations in rural forested areas on the island of Trinidad. This has lead to an increased demand for yellow fever vaccines from hospitals and clinics.

Please refer to your GP and advice contained within the links below for guidance.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 13,000 adults aged 15 or over in Trinidad & Tobago were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 1.5% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see our HIV and AIDS page.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Trinidad & Tobago and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general information see our Travel Health and Swine Flu pages and the UK Department of Health at: www.dh.gov.uk .

Natural disasters

Earthquakes

Earthquakes are a potential threat and tremors are felt occasionally. For advice on how to protect yourself in the event of being caught in an earthquake or tremor, please see: http://www.geologyuk.com/index.htm

Hurricanes

The hurricane season in Trinidad and Tobago normally runs from June to November. You should monitor local and international weather updates from the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). You can also access the National Hurricane Centre for updates. Please also see our Tropical cyclones pages for more detailed information about what to do if you are caught up in a hurricane.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see our Travel Insurance page.

If things do go wrong when you are oversees then see our When Things Go Wrong page.

Registering with the British High Commission

We recommend you register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

Honorary Consul, Tobago

The British High Commission has an honorary consul in Tobago, James Morshead, who can assist in cases of emergency & lost passports. His telephone number is (00) (1) (868) 639 8855, mobile number (00) (1) (868) 680 4609. In his absence, Jeremy Knott provides back-up cover. He can be contacted on (00) (1) (868) 639 2689 or mobile numbers (00) (1) (868) 631 8269 or (00) (1) (868) 374 9822.

These telephone numbers are not for casual enquiries and should only be used in cases of genuine emergency.

St Vincent and the Grenadines travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with an amendment to the General (Passports) section (passport service for British nationals in St Vincent & the Grenadines has moved to Washington). The overall level of the advice has not changed.

Travel Summary

• The British High Commission in Kingstown closed to the public on 30 March 2007. Emergency consular enquires should be directed to the British High Commission in Bridgetown, Barbados . See the General section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks, which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• Around 16,500 British nationals visited St Vincent and the Grenadines in 2007 and 9,781 from January to September 2008 (Source: St Vincent and Grenadines Ministry of Tourism). Most visits to St Vincent and the Grenadines are trouble-free. But you should be aware that cases of robbery and other crimes do occur.
  
  
• Violent crime is a problem within local communities, and can occasionally affect tourists. Crimes include muggings, and thefts from hotels, holiday homes and in particular, yachts. See the Crime section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• The hurricane season in St Vincent and the Grenadines normally runs from June to November. See the Natural Disasters (Hurricanes) section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance, which includes medical evacuation, before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this Travel Advice .

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks, which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For more general information see Terrorism Abroad.

Crime

The vast majority of visits are trouble-free. St Vincent and the Grenadines is a friendly and welcoming country and overall crime rates are relatively low. Despite the relaxed atmosphere, however, there have been incidents of violent crime including murder. These tend to occur within the local community but can sometimes affect tourists. Crimes including muggings and thefts from hotels, holiday homes and, in particular yachts do occur. A tourist couple were assaulted and robbed in Bequia in November 2008.

You should therefore maintain at least the same level of security awareness as you would in the UK and ensure that your living accommodation is secure. Apply the same measures if you are staying on a yacht. Avoid walking alone in isolated areas, including beaches after dark. Do not carry large amounts of cash or jewellery. Valuables and travel documents should, where possible, be left in safety deposit boxes and hotel safes.

For more general information see Victims of Crime Abroad.

Political Situation

St Vincent and the Grenadines Country Profile.

Road Travel

All drivers are required to hold a local driving licence. Car hire companies sell temporary licences at the time of hiring a vehicle. A valid UK driving licence is required in order to obtain a local one.

Motorists drive on the left in St Vincent and the Grenadines. Most roads are narrow by UK standards and many are in need of repair. In mountainous areas the roads can be extremely steep and have sharp hairpin bends, many of which are not clearly marked. Automatic four-wheel drive vehicles are popular, and in some areas essential. Given local conditions, you should drive slowly and remain vigilant.

Driving standards differ from those of the UK and Vincentians have a more relaxed attitude to the rules of the road. You should be tolerant of this.

For more general information see Driving Abroad.

Air Travel

You will have to pay a departure tax of EC$40 (or US$15) per person when leaving St Vincent and the Grenadines.

Local laws and customs

You should note that there are severe penalties for all drug offences. Pack all luggage yourself and do not carry anything through customs for anyone else.

You should be aware that it is an offence for anyone, including children, to dress in camouflage clothing.

Certain homosexual acts are illegal under Vincentian laws.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Your Trip.

Entry requirements

Visas

British passport holders do not need visas to enter St Vincent for visits up to three months. You should note that overstaying without permission is an offence and paid employment is prohibited without a work permit.

Passport validity

On the date of entry your passport should have at least six months' validity remaining.

Foot and mouth disease

St Vincent has not lifted the ban on the import of fresh beef. Import licences are required for the import of any foodstuffs to the island.

Health

Health care is generally good for basic illnesses in St Vincent and the Grenadines; services are available at the primary and secondary levels. There are 38 health centres, which facilitate the delivery of primary care. Secondary care is offered at the General Hospital in Kingstown. This is a 209-bed hospital offering some specialist care. For further specialist care it may be necessary to be medically evacuated by air ambulance to Barbados or Trinidad. Acute care, not requiring specialist intervention, is also provided by five rural hospitals.

There is a dedicated Swine Flu on the FCO website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu is available on the UK Department of Health website at www.dh.gov.uk.

Dengue fever is common to Latin America and the Caribbean and can occur throughout the year. In 2007 there was a marked increase in the number of reported cases of dengue across the region. Dengue Fever is found throughout St Vincent and the Grenadines.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to St Vincent and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see Travel Health.

Natural disasters

Hurricanes

The hurricane season in the Caribbean normally runs from June to November. You should monitor local and international weather updates from the World Meteorological Organisation and the US National Hurricane Centre. Please also see Tropical cyclones for more detailed information about what to do if you are caught up in a hurricane.

St Vincent has an active volcano; the last major eruption of La Soufriere was in 1979.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance, which includes medical evacuation by air ambulance, before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are oversees then this is How We Can Help.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

Package holidays

If you are on a package holiday, you must travel on the specified return date. If you fail to do so it is likely that you will have to pay for the return ticket yourself.

Replacing your passport

Keep a copy of the photo page of your passport and relevant visa stamp in case your documents are stolen.

The passport service for British nationals in St Vincent and the Grenadines has now moved from Barbados to the UK Passport Service Centre for the Americas and Caribbean in Washington D.C. (http://ukinusa.fco.gov.uk/passports).

If you are applying for a renewal of your UK passport and you are in St Vincent and the Grenadiines, your application, with the appropriate passport fee plus a return courier fee of US$21, should be sent direct to:

The UK Passport Service for the Americas and Caribbean

British Embassy

19 Observatory Circle, NW

Washington, DC 20008

The British High Commissioin in Bridgetown will continue to issue Emergency Passports for people who have lost their passports and who have an urgent need to travel to the UK.

St Pierre & Miquelon travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with an amendment to the Summary and Health section. The overall level of the advice has not changed.

Travel Summary

• St Pierre and Miquelon is a French Overseas Territory. There is no formal British diplomatic or consular representation. See the General (British representation) section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• Most visits to St Pierre & Miquelon are trouble-free. We are not aware of any British nationals who required consular assistance in St Pierre and Miquelon in 2008. Although the risk from crime is also low, it does exist and you should take precautions.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public places, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) does not provide any health cover in St Pierre and Miquelon.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling to St Pierre & Miquelon. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and our Travel Insurance page.

Safety and security

Terrorism

You should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks, which could be against civilian targets, including places frequented by foreigners.

For more general information see our Terrorism Abroad page.

Entry requirements

Visas

St Pierre and Miquelon is a Territorial Collective (Collectivité Territoriale d’Outre-mer) of France. If you are a British Citizen or British Subject with Right of Abode in the UK, you will not need a visa to enter St Pierre and Miquelon. Other British passport holders should confirm the current entry requirements with the nearest French Diplomatic mission.

Passport validity

All British passport holders require a valid passport. There is no minimum passport validity requirement but you should ensure that your passport is valid for the proposed period of your stay.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country. For further information on exactly what will be required at immigration please contact the French Embassy in London [opens a new website].

Health

There is a dedicated Swine Flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website at www.dh.gov.uk.

The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) does not provide any health cover in St Pierre and Miquelon.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see our HIV and AIDS page.

You should seek medical advice before travelling and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up to date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) [opens a new website] and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel [opens a new website] or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general information see our Travel Health page.

General

Insurance

We strongly recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling to St Pierre and Miquelon. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas see our When Things Go Wrong page.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE [opens a new website] service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

British representation

There is no resident British Diplomatic Mission in St Pierre and Miquelon. Routine consular matters are covered by the British Embassy in Paris. In case of real emergency (death or serious accident) the British High Commission in Ottawa may be able to provide some assistance.

Saint Lucia travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with amendments to the Summary (removal of reference to Swine Flu), the Crime section (armed robberies in the last 12 months) and the Health section (dengue and Swine Flu). The overall level of the advice has not changed.

Travel Summary

• The hurricane season in St Lucia normally runs from June to November. You should monitor local and international weather updates. See the Natural Disasters section of this advice and Tropical cyclones for more details.
  
  

• There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  

• Around 84,000 British nationals visited St Lucia in 2008 (Source: St Lucia Tourist Board). Most visits are trouble-free. 30 British nationals required consular assistance in St.Lucia in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009 for the following types of incident; deaths (5 cases); hospitalisations (5 cases); and arrests, for a variety of offences (8 cases). During this period assistance was also requested with regard to lost or stolen passports (15 cases). There are incidents of violent crime including murder. These intend to occur within the local community but can sometimes affect tourists. Crimes include muggings and thefts from hotels, yachts or holiday homes. See the Crime section of this advice for more details.
  
  

• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and Travel Insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For more general information see Terrorism Abroad.

Crime

Around 84,000 British nationals visited St Lucia in 2008 (Source: St Lucia Tourist Board). St Lucia is a friendly and welcoming country and overall crime rates are relatively low. Despite the relaxed atmosphere, however, there have been incidents of violent crime including murder. These tend to occur within the local community but can sometimes affect tourists. The St Lucian authorities are working with the tourism industry to maintain a safe environment for visitors, and a more visible police presence had an impact in 2008. Nevertheless, muggings and thefts from hotels, yachts or holiday homes do occur, and are occasionally accompanied by violence. A tourist was raped and her husband beaten in March 2008. Another tourist was also raped in December 2008. For more general information see the “Rape and Sexual Assault Overseas” page of the FCO website. There have been four armed robberies at waterfalls in the Anse La Raye area in the last twelve months and these sites should be avoided.

You should therefore maintain at least the same level of security awareness as you would in the UK and ensure that your living accommodation is secure. Apply the same measures if you are staying on a yacht. Avoid walking alone in isolated areas, including beaches, after dark. Take particular care at popular late night street parties and "jump-ups". Be extremely cautious about accepting lifts and use only licensed taxis. Do not carry large amounts of cash and jewellery. Valuables and travel documents should be left, where possible, in safety deposit boxes or hotel safes. If staying in a residential/holiday villa, take sensible precautions to secure your valuables, lock doors and windows.

For more general information see Victims of Crime Abroad.

Political Situation

St Lucia Country Profile.

Road Travel

You can hire self-drive cars. However, you will require your full UK licence in order to purchase a local driving permit, which costs US$20.

Motorists drive on the left in Saint Lucia. Most roads are narrow by UK standards and in varying states of repair. In mountainous areas roads can be extremely steep and have sharp hairpin bends, some of which are not clearly marked. Four-wheel drive vehicles with automatic gearboxes are popular, and in some areas essential. Driving standards are variable and you should negotiate roundabouts with extreme care. Given local conditions, you should drive slowly and cautiously.

It is common for pedestrians to flag down vehicles in an attempt to get a lift. You should not stop to do so. It is advisable to keep car doors locked when driving.

There are regular mini bus services, which provide relatively cheap, but sometimes dangerously fast, travel between all main towns. Standard taxi fares exist for most destinations but you should clarify the fare with the driver before the beginning of the journey.

For more general information see Driving Abroad.

Local laws and customs

There are severe penalties for all drug offences. A number of British nationals have been arrested for trafficking of cocaine. Pack all luggage yourself and do not carry anything through customs for anyone else.

You should be aware that it is an offence for anyone, including children, to dress in camouflage clothing.

Certain homosexual acts are illegal under Saint Lucian laws.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Your Trip.

Entry requirements

Visas

British Passport holders do not need visas to enter Saint Lucia for visits up to 42 days. It is an offence to stay beyond 42 days without permission from the local immigration authorities. It is also an offence to take any form of paid employment without a work permit.

Bringing produce into St Lucia

If you wish to bring meat or plant products into Saint Lucia you must obtain a licence in advance from the Ministry of Agriculture.

Health

Medical treatment can be very expensive and serious cases are transferred overseas (usually to Miami or Martinique) incurring air ambulance costs.

In the event of a medical evacuation to Martinique, you may be entitled to emergency medical treatment on the same terms as residents of Martinique if you have a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) which was issued in the UK or France. The EHIC provides emergency health cover for treatment in Guadeloupe by the French state health service for which you will have to pay but for which you will be able to claim back up to 70% of the costs on your return to the UK. For more general information see EHIC.

Dengue fever is common to Latin America and the Caribbean and can occur throughout the year.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to St Lucia and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see Travel Health and Swine Flu and UK Department of Health. You should also monitor local media reports for any developments and advice.

Natural disasters

Hurricanes

The hurricane season in the Caribbean normally runs from June to November. You should monitor local and international weather updates from the World Meteorological Organisation and the US National Hurricane Centre. For more general information see Tropical cyclones.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance, which includes medical evacuation by air ambulance, before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas then this is How We Can Help.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

ID

Keep a copy of the photo page of your passport and relevant entry stamp in case your documents are stolen.

Package holidays

If you are on a package holiday, you must travel on the specified return date. If you fail to do so you will have to pay the additional costs of accommodation and a replacement air ticket.

Departure tax

Departure tax is included within the price of the airline ticket.

Luggage allowances

Most airlines will allow passengers to check two pieces of luggage on transatlantic flights. However, local inter-island flights will generally only allow one piece at 20kg. You may therefore wish to confirm baggage entitlements with your airline if you are travelling between islands.

Passport

In the event of loss of your passport, you will need to apply to the Passport Office at the British High Commission, Barbados for a replacement. The British High Commission in St Lucia can advise you how to do this, and supply you with application forms. Urgent applications can be speeded up if you pay for courier costs, but even so, the issue of a replacement passport could still take several days.

In cases of genuine emergency, the British High Commission in St Lucia may be able to issue an Emergency Passport valid for a single journey back to the UK.

Money

Although the official currency is the East Caribbean Dollar (EC$), most tourist establishments will also accept US dollars and will quote prices in either, or both, currency. Make sure you know which currency you are being quoted. ATM machines are readily available in main towns and accept UK credit/debit cards.

Saint Christopher and Nevis (St Kitts & Nevis) travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with amendments to the Summary (Political gatherings) and the Health section. The overall level of the advice has not changed.

Travel Summary

• There is no British High Commission in St Kitts and Nevis. For emergency consular assistance, please telephone the British Honorary Consul (+869 466 8888; mobile +869 762 8888). Alternatively, you can contact the British High Commission in Barbados . See the Contact Details section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• St Kitts and Nevis will hold a General Election by March 2010. It is likely that there will be frequent political rallies and street parades in the weeks running up to the election date. Visitors are advised to avoid all political gatherings.
  
  
• The hurricane season in St Kitts and Nevis normally runs from June to November. See Natural Disasters section of this Travel Advice and our Tropical Cyclones page.
  
  
• Around 4,700 British nationals visited St Kitts and Nevis in 2008 (Source: Ministry of Tourism). Most visits to St Kitts and Nevis are trouble-free. The main type of incidents for which British nationals required consular assistance in St Kitts and Nevis in 2008 were replacing lost and stolen passports and dealing with hospitalisations. Over the past year, there has been an overall increase in crime in St Kitts, including gun crimes although these tend to occur within the local community.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this Travel Advice and our Travel Insurance page.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. For more general information see our Terrorism Abroad page.

Crime

Around 5,000 British nationals visit St Kitts and Nevis each year (Source: Ministry of Tourism) and the vast majority of visits are trouble-free. St Kitts and Nevis is a friendly and welcoming country and overall crime rates are relatively low. Despite the relaxed atmosphere, however, there have been incidents of violent crime including murder. These tend to occur within the local community but can sometimes affect tourists. There have been no recent reports to the High Commission in Barbados or to the Honorary Consul in St Kitts of such incidents affecting British tourists.

You should therefore maintain at least the same level of security awareness as you would in the UK and ensure that your living accommodation is secure. Apply the same measures if you are staying on a yacht. Avoid walking alone in isolated areas, including beaches, after dark. Do not carry large amounts of cash or jewellery. Valuables and travel documents should be left, where possible, in safety deposit boxes and hotel safes.

For more general information see our Victims of Crime Abroad page.

Political Situation

St Kitts and Nevis Country Profile

Local Travel

Road Travel

In order to be able to drive a car in St Kitts and Nevis you must purchase a local driving licence, usually from the car hire company, at a cost of EC$ 100. You must show your current driving licence to obtain this.

Motorists drive on the left in St Kitts and Nevis. Main roads are generally well maintained but many follow winding routes so careful driving is necessary. Roads are not well lit at night. You must be alert for stray livestock and speed bumps in some areas that are not well marked. Hiring of scooters is popular amongst visitors but safety equipment is not included in the hire price: despite the additional cost this is highly recommended for your own protection. You should be cautious when driving a scooter, as other road users do not always give them due consideration.

For more general information see our Driving Abroad page.

Air Travel

You will have to pay a departure tax when leaving St Kitts and Nevis. Departure tax is EC$58 (per adult) and EC$25 (child under 12).

Local laws and customs

You should note that there are severe penalties for all drug offences. Pack all luggage yourself and do not carry anything through customs for anyone else.

You should be aware that it is an offence for anyone, including children, to dress in camouflage clothing.

Certain homosexual acts are illegal under the laws of St Kitts and Nevis.

For more general information for different types of travellers see our Your Trip page.

Entry requirements

Visas

British Passport holders do not require visas to visit St Kitts and Nevis. On entry you are granted a one month stay. If you wish to stay longer you must apply and pay for an extension of stay through the St Kitts and Nevis Immigration Department. It is an offence to overstay the entry period granted or to work without a work permit.

Entry requirements may change from time to time and should be checked with the High Commission of St Kitts and Nevis in London.

Passport validity

Your passports should be valid for at least six month on arrival in St Kitts & Nevis.

Health

The medical facilities on the islands are limited to one hospital, which can deal only with routine medical cases. More serious cases will need to be dealt with in Puerto Rico, USA once the patient is in a stable condition.

Dengue fever occurs in Latin America and the Caribbean and can occur throughout the year. It is found throughout St Kitts and Nevis.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see our HIV and AIDS page.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to St Kitts & Nevis and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Heath Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see our Travel Health and Swine Flu page.

Natural disasters

The hurricane season in St Kitts and Nevis normally runs from June to November. You can also access the World Meteorological Organisation for updates and the US National Hurricane Centre. For more general information see our Tropical cyclones page.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance, which includes medical evacuation, before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. Be especially careful about cover for recurring illnesses as they may not be include in all insurance policies. For more general information see our Travel Insurance page.

If things do go wrong when you are oversees see our When Things Go Wrong page.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

Package Holidays

If you are on a package holiday, you must travel on the specified return date. If you fail to do so it is likely that you will have to pay for a return ticket yourself.

Passports

Keep a copy of the photo page of your passport and relevant entry stamp in case your documents are stolen.

In the event of loss of your passport, you will need to apply to the Passport Office at the British High Commission, Barbados for a replacement. The British Honorary Consul in St Kitts can advise you how to do this. Urgent applications are sent to Bridgetown by courier, incurring courier costs, but even so the issue of a replacement passport will still take several days.

Panama travel advice

This advice has been updated with amendments to the Summary, Health (dengue precautions) and General (Passports) sections. The overall level of the advice has not changed.

Travel Summary

• Travel to the Darien province should be conducted only with an organised group, and to recognised tourist destinations protected by the Panamanian police. See the Local Travel section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• There is a possibility of earthquakes in Panama. The last major one struck the north of Panama on 4 July 2009, measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale. There was no major damage caused.
  
  
  
  
  
• If you transit the United States on your way to or from Panama, you must have a machine-readable passport or a valid US non-immigrant visa. Additionally if you travel to or via the USA you need to apply for travel authorisation from the US authorities prior to travel. (see below for further details).
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks, which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• In 2008 14,350 British nationals visited Panama (Source: Panamanian Immigration Department). Most visits are trouble-free. 7 British nationals required consular assistance in Panama in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009 for the following types of incident; deaths (1 cases); hospitalisations (1 cases); and arrests, for a variety of offences (4 cases). During this period assistance was also requested with regard to lost or stolen passports (14 cases).
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You are advised to check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and Travel Insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks, which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For more general information see Terrorism Abroad.

Crime

There is a risk of street crime. In the last year, the official crime statistics have shown increased levels of robberies, murders and assault. The majority of these crimes are amongst members of rival drug gangs. Nevertheless, travellers should take sensible precautions.

You should not carry large sums of cash or valuables in public. Deposit them in hotel safes wherever possible. Be vigilant when using ATM cash machines installed in public places, usually outside banks. There have been cases of people being attacked after drawing cash from these machines. There have also been instances of devices being inserted in ATMs, which allow cards to be cloned. Ensure that your personal belongings, passports and other travel documents are secure at all times.

Beware of pickpockets in busy thoroughfares, on buses and at bus stations. Be alert for muggers particularly in the main shopping areas especially Via Espana and Avenida Central, the area of Caledonia, as well as in the old town (Casco Viejo) in Panama City, and in the old Panama ruins (Panama Viejo), the Madden Dam area - off the main Panama to Colon road, and the city of Colon, where unemployment, street crime and drug usage are high.

Occasional armed hold-ups occur in restaurants in Panama City, Colon and elsewhere. There have also been recent attacks on individuals at gunpoint in broad daylight. Local police report that other high crime areas around Panama City are San Miguelito, Rio Abajo, El Chorillo, Ancon, Curundu, Vera Cruz Beach, and Parque Soberania.

You should use registered taxi companies, and whenever possible call a taxi company rather than hail a taxi in the street. It is advisable to travel accompanied by someone you know and not to sit in the front seat of a taxi. Ensure that you do not get in a taxi with unknown passengers and instruct the driver not to stop and pick up any additional passengers.

Burglaries have been committed by organised criminal gangs. It is reported that the perpetrators use ruses, such as door-to-door sales and household cleaning suppliers, to gain the trust of the victims and gain access to their homes. The criminals then gather information about the victim’s movements and routines. In some instances, the criminals are suspected of using various symbols or drawings marked on perimeter walls or fences to communicate with other gang members. An organised robbery with several other gang members is then committed. You are advised to be cautious if approached by visitors seeking access to your property. If you are in doubt about the motives of any visitors, you should alert the police.

For more general information see Victims of Crime Abroad.

Political Situation

Panama Country Profile

Political demonstrations occur occasionally in Panama City, mainly around Panama University, and the main road known as the Transisthmica. Demonstrations can be more of an annoyance than a major cause for concern, as demonstrators may block roads and cause inconvenience through major triffic jams. Some demonstrations by construction workers and students have turned violent in the past. You should monitor media and avoid all demonstratioins, and try to leave the area immediately should you get caught up in one.

Local Travel

If travelling to the Darien province, you should do so by air, and only with an organised group to recognised tourist destinations protected by the Panamanian Police. Please contact the British Embassy in Panama City for details. You should not stray from the immediate vicinity of the protected resort area. Expedition companies based in Panama also sometimes organise expeditions to Darien. Check carefully that police protection is included.

The border area with Colombia is particularly dangerous (beyond a line drawn from Punta Carreto in the Comarca de San Blas on the Atlantic coast, through Yaviza in the eastern Darien province, to Punta Pina on the Pacific coast). Political and criminal violence in Colombia can spill over into Panama. There are regular incursions by Colombian guerrillas and other armed groups. Foreign nationals and Panamanian citizens have been the victims of violent crimes, kidnapping and murder in this area.

Road Travel

Standards of driving and traffic management are both poor. Panama has a reasonably good road system, except in Darien Province where there is hardly any paved road at all. Road maintenance throughout the country is variable and drivers need to take precautions to avoid unseen holes or unfinished repairs. Most of the central Inter-American Highway is still only one lane each way and it is not well lit at night. There is often night construction on this road with few signs alerting drivers to such construction. Drink driving is not strictly enforced and road accidents are a frequent occurrence.

By law seat belts must be worn by drivers and front seat passengers, and children under five must travel in the back in fitted child seats. You are warned that motor insurance is not compulsory in Panama, even for third party damage and injury, and many Panamanians drive without it. If you are involved in a car accident, Panamanian law requires that you should wait with the vehicle until the traffic police (Transito) arrive.

Buses and taxis are generally in poor condition; there have been numerous accidents involving both due to poor maintenance and driving standards.

For more general information see Driving Abroad.

Sea Travel

You should be extremely careful when wading or swimming on Pacific and Caribbean beaches as in some locations there are strong currents and undertows. These beaches seldom have signs warning of the dangers. Drownings occur every year. Do not bathe in the Bay of Panama. It is polluted with untreated sewage and industrial waste.

For more general information see River and Sea Safety.

Local laws and customs

Do not become involved with drugs of any kind or in any way. Possession of even very small quantities can lead to heavy terms of imprisonment (up to 15 years). The judicial process is slow and conditions in Panamanian prisons are harsh and not comparable to those in the UK. You must be aware that simply being in the company of someone who is using drugs is sufficient grounds for arrest. From the time of arrest, it can take upwards of 12-24 months before you even appear before a judge.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Your Trip.

Entry requirements

Visas

As a British national you do not require a visa to visit Panama but you are required, on arrival, to have a return or onward ticket and have the equivalent of US$500 or a credit card. An initial stay of 90 days is granted upon entry. Extensions are not normally granted unless the visitor applies to change their immigration status within the 90 days. (i.e. for business purposes, marriage etc). For further information on entry requirements, you are advised to check with the Embassy of the Republic of Panama in London.

When transiting the Panama Canal, if you disembark the ship your passport will be stamped by the immigration authorities. You do not require a visa unless staying for more than 90 days. Immigration officials do not board transiting cruise ships to check passports.

Passport validity

Passports must be valid for at least six months beyond the date of your expected departure from the country and that it has a plentiful supply of unused pages.

Yellow Fever

A certificate of Yellow Fever vaccination is not required for entry to Panama.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries required documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country. For further information on exactly what will be required at immigration please contact the Panamanian Embassy in London.

Health

Panama City has some good private hospitals and clinics but medical facilities outside the capital are limited.

Malaria and dengue fever are common to parts of Panama, including in some outlying areas of Panama City. Dengue fever can occur throughout the year, andthere is no vaccine or treatment. You should take normal precautions to avoid mosquito bites.

There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in the provinces of Darien, San Blas, or east Panama. This does not include Panama City and the Canal Zone. Visitors should seek specialist advice about the need to receive Yellow Fever vaccine if travelling to these areas. Travellers planning to visit these provinces should obtain a yellow fever vaccine ten days prior to travel.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 19,000 adults aged 15 or over in Panama were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 1.0% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV/AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Panama and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. You should take all precautions to avoid mosquito bites at all times of the day or night. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel For more general information on how to do this see or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

A (H1N1) - Swine Flu

There have been confirmed human cases of the Influenza A (H1N1) virus (Swine Flu) in Panama, including a number of deaths. You can check for updates on the number of cases and their locations through the World Health Organisation (WHO) (whose Pandemic Threat Alert Phase has been raised to Level 6). The WHO website at http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html has further details. A dedicated Swine Flu page can be found on the FCO website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website at http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/index.htm.

For more general health information see Travel Health.

Natural disasters

There is a possibility of earthquakes in Panama. The last major one struck the north of Panama on 4 July 2009, measuring 6.3 on the Richter Scale. There was no major damage caused. Prior to this, there was an earthquake near to the border between Panama and Costa Rica on 19 November 2008, which also measured 6.3 on the Richter scale. In December 2003, there was a tremor in the same area measuring 6.5. Neither of these caused any major damage.

During the rainy season (April to December) occasional flooding and land slides occur in rural areas and some city streets become temporarily impassable due to flooding. October and November normally have the heaviest months of rainfall. You should monitor regional weather forecasts and take local advice, and plan accordingly.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are oversees then this is How We Can Help.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

Passports

From 2 November 2009 applications for British passports should be sent to the UK Passport Service for the Americas & Caribbean in the British Embassy, Washington. Processing may take up to 15 working days.

From early 2010, the British Embassy in Panama will continue to issue Emergency Travel Documents for people who need to travel urgently. We regret that this facility is not currently available for technical reasons. When these documents are issued applicants are responsible for gaining any relevant entry visas or residency stamps for their onward journeys.

Trips via the US

Since many trips to Panama are made via the United States, it is important to note that all passport holders who wish to enter the US or transit the US to onward destinations under the Visa Waiver Programme (see entry requirements in the travel advice for United States) must present an individual machine-readable passport. All travellers need to apply online to the US authorities a minimum of 48 hours before travel, whether if travelling to or via the USA. In the event of losing your standard passport, and you need to apply for an emergency passport, you will need to re-register with the US authorities prior to travel. If you do not have a machine-readable passport you must obtain a non-immigrant visa from the nearest US Embassy prior to travel (see also above for British passports). For further details, in particular concerning children travelling on a parent's passport, please contact the US Embassy in London.

Airport tax

A US$20 airport tax (payable only in cash) is charged upon departure but this is sometimes included in the airline ticket fare. You should check with your carrier.

Money

Ensure you have enough money for your stay and return. Bank transfers are difficult, expensive and can take several days, although Western Union offers a quicker service. Foreign cheques cannot be cashed in Panama. Travellers cheques are difficult to exchange and rates of commission are very high, so these are best avoided.

ATM machines are widely available in banks, shopping malls, drive-thru’s etc, and they accept most major British credit and debit cards. The daily withdrawal limit varies between banks, as does the commission or fees charged for its use.

Credit/debit cards are also widely used for payment in establishments. Many restaurants, hotels and shops will only accept US$20 notes or require identification for use of larger value notes because of problems with counterfeit $50 and $100 notes.

Nicaragua travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with an amendment to the Summary (warning of demonstrations), the Political Situation section (demonstrations) and General - Consular Assistance (passport applications). The overall level of the advice has not changed.

Travel Summary

• The rainy season in Nicaragua normally runs from May to November, coinciding with the hurricane season in the Caribbean. See the Natural Disasters (Hurricanes/Flooding) section of this travel advice and Tropical cyclones for more details.
  
  
• Demonstrations by both opposition and pro-Government groups are scheduled to take place on 21 November and violent clashes are likely. You are advised to avoid political rallies or large gatherings. See the Political Situation section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• The situation in neighbouring Honduras remains tense and unpredictable and may deteriorate very quickly. Temporary curfews have been and may again be introduced at short notice. As a reaction to this, Nicaraguan land borders and air links with Honduras may also close at short notice. If you intend to travel to or through Honduras you should contact your travel operator for further advice and keep abreast of the situation by monitoring local media, the FCO’s Travel Advice on Honduras and by checking our Embassy’s website at www.ukinguatemala.fco.gov.uk.
  
  
• There is no British Embassy in Nicaragua. For emergency consular assistance, contact the Honorary Consul in Managua or the British Embassy in Costa Rica. See the General (Consular Assistance) section of this advice and for more details.
  
  
• We advise travel to the North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) should be particularly well planned due to the remoteness of this area. You should also not hike without an experienced guide on volcanoes or in other remote areas. . See the Local Travel and Natural Disasters (Volcanoes) section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• Around 5000 British tourists visited Nicaragua in 2008 (Source: Nicaraguan Tourist Institute). The main type of incident for which British nationals required consular assistance in Nicaragua in 2008 was to replace stolen passports and travel documents. you should carry a photocopy of the personal details page from your passport with you at all times for identification purposes. Road safety is also an issue. See the Road Travel section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks, which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and Travel Insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks, which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For more general information see Terrorism Abroad.

Crime

Nicaragua has experienced a significant rise in thefts, break-ins and muggings since the beginning of 2008. Street crime is prevalent in Managua and occasionally occurs in other large towns. Violent crime is on the increase. Pickpockets and thieves operate on public transport. Robberies are common in and around bus terminals, both for local and international routes. Many criminals have weapons, and most injuries and deaths have resulted when victims have resisted. If you are robbed, you should inform the local police and obtain a signed and sealed copy of their report.

Taxi muggings, particularly against foreigners, are a relatively new and worrying trend. You should also be aware that there have been reports of "express kidnappings" occurring in Nicaragua involving passengers using unauthorised taxis, where cash is demanded for release a short while later.

Where possible use radio-dispatched taxis. If you are getting a taxi on the street, be sure to choose an authorised taxi, which has red plates. Only use taxis that have the driver’s identification number, name and photograph clearly visible on the dashboard. You should take note of the colour and number of the vehicle. Although it is customary in Nicaragua to share taxis with strangers, you are advised to try to arrange a private journey with the driver. Always negotiate the fare with the driver before the journey.

There have been several reports of cars being stopped and passengers assaulted at traffic lights in Managua. While stopping at traffic lights in Managua it is recommended to keep the windows of your car closed. Car doors should also be locked from the inside when driving.

You should not to travel on buses after dark.

You should take precautions when walking, particularly in the markets, bus stations and poorer areas of the town and especially in the vicinity of the old cathedral in Managua. Do not walk alone after dark.

You should be aware that that there have been reports of violent attacks against foreign nationals in their hotels or places of residence. We recommend that you use hotels that are staffed at the front desk 24 hours a day, have adequate uniformed security staff and security measures such as a front gate, a fenced perimeter and valuables safe in the room.

In addition there have been increased reports of credit card fraud. You are advised not to use credit cards unless necessary, and to request that your bank inform you of any excess activity on accounts.

Avoid wearing jewellery. Do not carry large amounts of cash, credit cards or other valuables.

Keep photocopies of valuables such as passports (including date of entry stamp), airline tickets, driving licence and travellers’ cheques separate from originals.

For more general information see Victims of Crime Abroad.

Political Situation

Nicaragua Country Profile

As a result of proposed changes to the Nicaraguan constitution allowing the current President to seek re-election, demonstrations by both pro-Government and opposition groups are scheduled to take place on 21 November 2009 in Managua and other parts of the country. These demonstrations are likely to lead to violent clashes and should be avoided.

Municipal elections took place throughout Nicaragua on 9 November 2008. These elections were followed by demonstrations and political rallies with opposition groups questioning the authenticity of the results. There were violent clashes reported in Managua and Leon. An attempted protest by opposition groups in Managua on 18 November 2008 provoked further violence between opposition supporters and those from the ruling FSLN party. Earlier this year, a demonstration on 28 February 2009 turned violent resulting in the Opposition Deputy Leader, Luis Callejas, being taken to hospital with serious head injuries after being struck by a large rock. Others were also hurt.

You are advised to avoid all large public gatherings and monitor local media reports. Previous demonstrations have affected access to and from the airport. Roadblocks may occur on main roads disrupting movement around the city as well as at other points around the country.

Local Travel

The North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) is extremely remote. We advise any travel to this area should be particularly well-planned. You should not hike without an experienced guide on volcanoes or in other remote areas.

Although extensive de-mining operations have been conducted to clear rural areas of northern Nicaragua of landmines left from the war, you should exercise caution if you venture off the main roads.

There have been occasional incidents of violent crime in Bonanza, La Rosita, Siuna and Little Corn Island.

You should not walk alone after dark. Highway travel in the middle of the night is not recommended due to the presence of armed bandits that operate in various parts of the country.

Road Travel

Road safety, or lack of it, is probably the biggest single hazard to travellers in Nicaragua.

Road conditions are generally poor, particularly during the wet season when large potholes can appear overnight. There is no street lighting on the main highways between major cities and only minimal street lighting in urban areas. Driving standards and the conditions of vehicles are poor, particularly those of taxis and buses. Many vehicles do not have rear, brake or indicator lights. Running traffic lights whilst at red is common practice. Drink driving is a severe problem.

For more general information see Driving Abroad.

Air Travel

There is 32 US Dollar departure tax (the departure tax is normally included in the price of your air ticket).

During the wet season (April to October) you are advised to fly to and from the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua on early morning flights, because of the risk of severe storms later in the day.

Swimming/Water Sports

You should exercise caution if swimming or participating in other water activities. Strong currents off sections of Nicaragua's Pacific coast have resulted in a number of drownings. Warning signs are not posted and lifeguards and rescue equipment are not readily available in Nicaragua.

For more general information see River and Sea Safety.

Local laws and customs

You should not become involved with drugs of any kind. Possession of even very small quantities can lead to imprisonment.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Your Trip.

Entry requirements

Visas

British nationals can visit Nicaragua for up to three months without needing a visa. However, entry into Nicaragua may be refused and airlines may not carry you if you hold a passport with less than six months validity or do not have an onward ticket out of Nicaragua. There is also a 5 US American Dollar entry fee.

For information on entry requirements for purposes other than business visits or tourism, you are advised to contact the Nicaraguan Embassy in London.

Passport Validity

Your passport should be valid for at least six months from the intended date of entry.

Central America Border Control Agreement

Nicaragua is party to the Central America Border Control Agreement (CA-4). Under the terms of this agreement, British tourists may travel within any of the CA-4 countries (Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala) for a period of up to 90 days, without completing entry and exit formalities at border Immigration checkpoints. This period begins at the first point of entry of any of the CA-4 countries. Fines are applied for travellers who exceed this 90 day limit, although a request for an extension can be made for up to 30 days by paying a fee before the 90 days limit expires (giving maximum 120 days in total). If you are expelled from any of the four countries you are also excluded from the entire CA-4 region.

Yellow Fever vaccination certificate

If you are arriving from a country where Yellow Fever is endemic, you must have a valid vaccination certificate to enter Nicaragua.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries required documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country. For further information on exactly what will be required at immigration please contact the Nicaraguan Embassy in London.

Health

There is a dedicated Swine Flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on pandemic flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website at www.dh.gov.uk.

Public hospitals in Nicaragua are not well equipped and although they do not charge for emergency services, they do charge for all supplies and medicines which would normally need to be bought from outside as stocks are not maintained in hospitals. Each department of the country has its own public hospital. It is worth noting that Medical staff do not always speak English and you may need a good understanding of Spanish to use the health facilities. In addition, in an emergency, patients will be taken to the nearest hospital, which is usually a public organisation, unless the patient indicates they are able to pay for treatment. Payment for healthcare us usually accepted in cash.

Many doctors and hospitals require payment in cash prior to providing service although a few private hospitals will accept major credit cards for payment. There are about 10 private hospitals/clinics in Managua.

Malaria is common to Nicaragua while there are occasional cases of cholera and Leptospirosis. Tap water in Managua has been tested and found safe for drinking. You should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. If you suffer from diarrhoea during a visit to Nicaragua you should seek immediate medical attention.

Dengue Fever is common to Latin America and the Caribbean and can occur throughout the year. There has been a marked increase in the number of reported cases of dengue across the region, including deaths in Nicaragua. A significant number of reported cases in Nicaragua have been in the northern mountainous areas bordering Honduras where widespread deforestation has occurred. There is no vaccine or immunisation to prevent dengue fever and you should take usual precautions to avoid mosquito bites.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 7,500 adults aged 15 or over in Nicaragua were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 0.2% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Nicaragua and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Heath Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see Travel Health.

Natural disasters

Nicaragua is prone to seismic and volcanic activity, hurricanes, severe storms and flooding. See advice on hiking in Local Travel section of this advice.

Flooding/Hurricanes

The hurricane season in Nicaragua normally runs from June to November. You should monitor the local and international weather updates from the World Meteorological Organisation and the National Hurricane Centre. For more general information see Tropical cyclones for more detailed information about what to do if you are caught up in a hurricane.

The wet season from April to October brings heavy rains and severe storms (see "Local Travel" section for advice on flying to the Atlantic Coast). Flooding is common and widespread. You should be aware that during this season (especially in rural areas) landslides, flooding, bridge collapses, heavy rains causing cancellation of local flights, can on occasions affect travel plans.

Earthquakes

The last serious earthquake was in 1972 and it destroyed the centre of Managua. Regular small tremors (most of which go unnoticed) release pressures that could otherwise trigger a larger earthquake.

Volcanoes

A spine of volcanoes stretches the length of the country, several of which are active, in particular San Cristobal and Cerro Negro. The San Cristobal volcano, 60 miles west of the capital of Managua, has been emitting gas and ash since early 2006. You should follow media reports and keep in touch with the local authorities if intending to visit the area.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions and that your policy covers you for the activities you want to undertake. This includes cover for medical treatment and accidents and for unexpected losses such as cancelled flights, stolen cash, cards, passport or luggage. For more general information see Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are oversees then this is How We Can Help.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

Consular Assistance

There is no British Embassy in Nicaragua. The British Embassy in Costa Rica has overall responsibility for Nicaragua but you can contact the British Honorary Consul in Managua in the event of an emergency (see contact details below).

From 9 November 2009, applications for British passports should be sent to the UK Passport Service for the Americas & Caribbean in the British Embassy in Washington. The British Embassy in Costa Rica will continue to issue Emergency Passports for people who need to travel urgently.

Passports should be left in a hotel safe/security box. A photocopy of the personal details page should be carried for identification purposes.

All passport holders who wish to enter the US, either from or on the way to Nicaragua, under the Visa Waiver Programme must present an individual machine-readable passport and must have completed the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA): see the Entry Requirements section in the Travel Advice for the United States. If you do not have a machine-readable passport you must obtain a non-immigrant visa from the nearest US Embassy prior to travel.

Money

The American Dollar, either in cash or travellers’ cheques, is the only foreign currency, which is freely exchangeable in Nicaragua. Banks do not exchange sterling.

You should avoid using street moneychangers, as there have been reports of assaults on people exchanging money in the streets.

Contact Details - Honorary British Consul in Managua

Dr Jose Evenor Taboada

Address: Apartado Postal (P O Box) 2382
Managua
Nicaragua

Telephone: (00)(505) 2254 5454/3839
Facsimile: (00)(505) 2254 5295
E-mail: taboada@taboadalaw.com

Office hours: Local: 09:00 to 13:00 and 15:00 to 18:00 Monday to Friday
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