Mongolia travel advice

Travel Summary

• We are not aware of any cases of Swine Flu (H1N1) in Mongolia. Please be aware that everyone arriving at Chingis Khan airport now has to complete a health declaration form which will be closely scrutinised. There are also reports that similar checks are in place at the border crossing points at Selenge and Zamin-Uud. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised its Pandemic Threat Alert Phase to Level 6. The WHO website at http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html has further details. Check Swine Flu for further information. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website at www.dh.gov.uk.
  
  
• There were 6,716 visits by British nationals to Mongolia in2007 (Source: Ministry of Road, Transport & Tourism). Most visitsare trouble-free but you should avoid going out on foot alone at night, when foreigners can be targeted for attack because of their comparative wealth.
  
  
• Communications and health facilities in Mongolia can be poor , particularly outside Ulaanbaatar. We recommend that you obtain comprehensive traveland medical insurance before travelling to Mongolia. You should checkany exclusions, and that your policy covers you for the activities youwant to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this adviceand Travel Insurance for more details.
  
  
• If you are entering Mongolia by road, you should be aware that only a few specified border crossings are open to foreigners. See the Entry Requirements (Border Crossings) section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. For further information see Terrorism Abroad.

Crime

While Mongolia is relatively safe, violent muggings and attacks do occur from time to time. You should avoid going out alone on foot at night. Instead use the taxis to return to your hotel. They are clearly identifiable and inexpensive. Many bars and restaurants will telephone for one for you. In February 2009, a resident Japanese teacher was attacked and killed walking home in the centre of town in the early hours of the morning. The motive was thought to have been theft.

Petty crime is common in Ulaanbaatar, particularly in markets or other crowded public places. Watch out for pick-pockets. Also be wary of large groups of street children and teenagers, particularly at night, who have been reportedly harassing pedestrians for money whilst entering and leaving vehicles, pubs and restaurants. Keep your passports, wallets and purses well secured.

For more general information see Victims of Crime Abroad.

Political Situation

Mongolia Country Profile

Mongolia is a stable parliamentary democracy.

On 1 July 2008, after the announcement of the results of the previous weekend's parliamentary elections, there was a demonstration in the centre of Ulaanbaatar which turned violent. At least five people were killed. The President introduced a four-day state of emergency. The city quickly reverted to its habitual calm, and there were no further disturbances after the state of emergency was lifted. But at times of heightened political tension you should monitor local media and avoid large crowds and demonstrations.

Local Travel

Travelling in Mongolia, particularly outside Ulaanbaatar, can be challenging. If you are planning to travel into the countryside, you should consider carrying a Global Positioning System and emergency communications, such as a satellite phone. Mongolia experiences extremes of weather, from +35C in summer to –40C in winter. Even in summer, because of the altitude, evenings can be cold and weather conditions can change without warning. You should always be prepared for this and take appropriate provisions, including warm clothing, food and water if you are going out of town.

Road Travel

The standard of driving in Mongolia is poor. There are many fatal accidents. You should wear a seatbelt whenever possbile. There are few tarmac roads, especially outside Ulaanbaatar. The maintenance of vehicles is also poor and breakdowns are frequent, which can lead to long delays. You need an International Driving Permit to drive in Mongolia.

For further information see Driving Abroad.

Air Travel

Evidence suggests that domestic services (including helicopter services) in Mongolia do not always comply with international safety standards. FCO and UN staff use Eznis for internal flights. We are not aware of concerns about the maintenance of aircraft operated by internationally-based charter operations or scheduled internal airlines. There have in the past been safety concerns about Aero Mongolia’s aircraft, however. On 8 January 2009 an Aero Mongolia aircraft had to make an emergency landing at Murun airport because of a technical problem, and the Mongolian Civil Aviation Authority has temporarily prohibited the company from operating any flights. The Embassy has also received occasional reports of maintenance problems interrupting some long-haul international flights operated by domestic airlines. You should bear this in mind when making your travel plans. Bad weather can also delay many domestic and international flights, sometimes for several days.

Local laws and customs

Possession and use of drugs is illegal and if found guilty, you could face a long prison sentence in very basic facilities.

Although not illegal, homosexuality is a subject many Mongolians are uncomfortable discussing. Our advice is to be discreet to avoid causing offence.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Travel Advice Relevant to You.

Entry requirements

Visas

All British passport holders must obtain a visa from their nearest Mongolian Embassy before entering the country. A Mongolian visit visa is usually valied for a stay of up to 30 days stay within six months from the date of issue.

British passport holders need visas to enter China and Russia. Many travellers have reported difficulties in obtaining Russian visas in Ulaanbaatar. We advise you to obtain all necessary visas for your onward travel before entering Mongolia. British passport holders may transit China without a visa provided they are in transit for less than 24 hours and do not leave the transit area. However, not all airlines offer a transit facility and your transfer may therefore involve retrieving baggage and returning to the check-in hall. Mongolian Airlines are in this category. You should therefore consider obtaining a Chinese visa to smooth your journey. British passport holders may transit Russia without a visa provided the route does not involve changing airports or leaving the transit area.

Passport validity

Your passport must be valid for more than six months after the date you intend to enter Mongolia.

Travelling with children

Adults accompanying children other than their own should have a notarised letter from the legal guardians of the child confirming the arrangement. For further information please contact the Embassy of Mongolia in London.

Registration

You should register your stay in Mongolia with the Foreign Citizen’s Bureau in Ulaanbaatar within a week of arriving you if intend to remain for more than 30 days, or if you do not have an "Entry/Exit" visa. You must also de-register before leaving Mongolia, at the Foreign Citizens’ Bureau. After de-registering, you must obtain an "Exit" visa from the Consular Department of the Mongolian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. If you do not do this, you will not be allowed to leave the country. You may also be fined.

The Office of Immigration, Naturalisation and Foreign Citizens is at:

11 Chinggis Avenue

Sukhbaatar District

Ulaanbaatar

Tel: 976 11 321704

Fax: 976 11 313259

Email: gihaea@mongolnet.mn

Web-site: www.mngimmigration.mn/

Border Crossing

There are only six border points open to British passport holders. They are at Ulaanbaatar’s international airport; the road/train crossing to China at Zamin Uud, the road crossing to Russia at Tsagaannuur in the far west; the train crossing to Russia at Sukhbaatar and the road crossings to Russia at Altanbulag and Ereen-Tsav in the north east. You may not cross into China or Russia at any of the other border points, as they that are either seasonal or are open only to Mongolians and/or Chinese/Russians.

If you are planning to bring a vehicle into Mongolia at any of the border crossings you should inform the tax authorities and border troops in advance.

You may encounter problems when entering Mongolia by train from Russia particularly with Russian border or customs officials who scrutinise documentation, and particularly customs declarations, carefully. If you are crossing overalnd to or from Russia you are advised to you to read our travel advice for Russia and to be scrupulous about completing all the necessary paperwork.

Passengers travelling across the China/Mongolia border should expect a delay of a few hours, because of the need to change the bogies, as the railways use different gauges.

Health

Healthcare facilities in the countryside are very poor. Organising an evacuation to Ulaanbaatar or another country can be difficult and expensive without adequate travel insurance. Even in Ulaanbaatar, only basic healthcare is available. Medicines are scarce in the countryside and you should bring basic supplies, including any regular prescription drugs with you.

Due to the generally poor quality of medical facilities in Mongolia, British Embassy staff are not currently allowed to bring children to live permanently at post, though they can visit on holiday.

Mongolia has occasional outbreaks of Hand, Foot and Mouth disease (a viral infection which most commonly affects children and infants) and other infectious diseases. During these outbreaks affected areas may be quarantined and you may not be able to travel to them. If you are in an affected area, you may not be allowed to leave. During the summer hunting season, there may be isolated cases of bubonic plague. These are usually confined to the marmot hunters (who pick up the disease from fleas when skinning their prey), but visitors should be aware of the risk.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that less than 1,000 adults aged 15 or over in Mongolia were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 0.1% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

We recommend you seek medical advice before travelling to Mongolia and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Heath Network and Centre (NaTHNaC)and NHS Scotland’s Fit for Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see Travel Health

Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has confirmed that there have been outbreaks of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) among migrating birds in Mongolia, most recently in August 2005, in the northern province of Khovsgol. No human infections or deaths have been reported.

The risk to humans from Avian Influenza is believed to be very low. As a precaution you should avoid visiting live animal markets, poultry farms and other places where you may come into close contact with domestic, caged or wild birds; ensure poultry and egg dishes are thoroughly cooked.

You should read this advice in conjunction with Avian and Pandemic Influenza, which gives more detailed advice and information.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and health insurance before travelling to Mongolia. This should cover the cost of medical treatment, including hospitalisation and evacuation by air ambulance. You should also ensure that your insurance covers unexpected losses or expenses such as lost luggage, stolen cash and credit cards and missed flights. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas then this is how we can help.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

Keep a photocopy of your passport data page and visas as well as numbers of your travellers' cheques safely and separate from your originals. This makes replacement of lost/stolen originals simpler.

Money

Mongolia is a cash-based society. You can use credit cards in some hotels, shops and restaurants in Ulaanbaatar, but not all. US Dollar travellers' cheques can be cashed easily and converted to Mongolian Togrogs. You can transfer money to Mongolia using commercial means such as Western Union or Money Gram.

Macao travel advice

Travel Summary

• The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised its Pandemic Threat Alert Phase to Level 6. The WHO website at http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html has further details. Check Swine Flu for further information.
  
  
• There is no formal British Consulate in Macao. If you require assistance when you are in Macao you should contact the British Consulate-General in Hong Kong. See the Contact Details section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• Although Macao has separate immigration controls from Mainland China and separate legal and law enforcement systems, it could still be vulnerable to both terrorism directed at China, and the global threat from terrorism. They could be indiscriminate including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• 79,813 British tourists have visited Macao in 2008 (Source: the Macao Tourism Board). Most visits are trouble-free. The main type of incident for which British nationals required consular assistance in 2008 was for replacing lost and stolen passports. You should take sensible precautions against pickpocketing and other street crime.
  
  
• The typhoon season in Macao normally runs from April to October. See the Natural Disassters section of this advice and Tropical cyclones for more details.
  
  
• We strongly recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and Travel Insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism

Although Macao has separate immigration controls from Mainland China and separate legal and law enforcement systems, it could still be vulnerable to both terrorism directed at China, and the global threat from terrorism. They could be indiscriminate including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For more general information see Terrorism Abroad.

Crime

The incidence of violent crime to foreigners is low but pickpocketing and other street crime can occur in some areas. You should take extra care of passports, credit cards and money in crowded areas. You should be careful of your belongings when checking out of hotels. Take extra care when visiting casinos late at night.

For more general information see Victims of Crime Abroad.

Political Situation

Macao Country Profile

Local laws and customs

You should not become involved with illicit drugs of any kind. Possession of these drugs can lead to imprisonment.

As a general precaution do not take photographs of military installations in Macao.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Travel Advice Relevant to You.

Entry requirements

Visas

Although Macao is now part of the People's Republic of China, it remains a Special Administrative Region with its own immigration controls. You can stay in Macao for up to three months without a visa.

If you intend to work in Macao you must obtain an appropriate visa before arrival. For more information you can contact the Embassy of the People's Republic of China.

Passport validity

Your passport must have a validity of one month on entry to Macao but if you are staying longer than one month your passport must be valid for the duration of your visit.

Visits to Mainland China

If you intend to travel to Mainland China via Macao on a British passport you must obtain a Chinese visa before arrival at the border. Failure to do so could result in a fine and possible detention by the Mainland Chinese authorities. If you are entering Macao via Mainland China and leaving again via the mainland you should note you will need to be in possession of a double or multiple entry visa for mainland China. If you are entering Macao via Mainland China and leaving again via the mainland you should note you will need to be in possession of a double or multiple entry visa for mainland China.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some documentary evidence of parental responsibility may need to shown to local authorities before allowing lone parents to enter or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave.

Health

Dengue Fever is common to Macao and you should take precautions against mosquito bites.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Macau and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should check the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general information see Travel Health.

Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

There have been no reported cases of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) in Macao during the current series of outbreaks. But the World Health Organisation (WHO) has confirmed cases elsewhere in the region. There have been some human fatalities in China. Please view the China Travel Advice.

Natural Disasters

The typhoon season in Macao normally runs from April to October. Typhoons very occasionally hit Macao and may cause flooding and landslides. Warning is given in advance. Public offices shut down when the 'Typhoon 8' signal is hoisted. You are advised to remain indoors.

You should monitor local and international weather updates from World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). You can also access: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov for updates. See Tropical cyclones for more details.

General

Insurance

We strongly recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling, as the cost of medical care in Macao is high. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas then this is How We Can Help.

There is no formal British Consulate in Macao. If you require assistance when you are in Macao you should contact the British Consulate-General in Hong Kong, who will put you in contact with our Honorary Consul in Macao if necessary.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travellng abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

Micronesia travel advice

Travel Summary

• There are confirmed cases of Swine Flu (H1N1) in Micronesia. Incoming visitors are likely to be screened in Kosrae and may be screened in Chuuk, Pohnpei and Yap. Health alerts are provided to arriving travellers by National Department of Health and Social Affairs. Persons who show symptoms of Swine Flu are likely to be asked to observe voluntary home confinement unless there are medical reasons for hospital admission The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised its Pandemic Threat Alert Phase to Level 6. The WHO website at http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html has further details. Check Swine Flu for further information. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website at www.dh.gov.uk.
  
  
• There is no British consular representation in the Federated States of Micronesia. Consular matters are covered by the British Embassy in Manila, the Philippines. See the General (Consular Representation) section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• Only a handful of British tourists visit the Federated States of Micronesia every year. Most visits are trouble-free. We are not aware of any British nationals who have required consular assistance in Federated States of Micronesia in 2007.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism in the Federated States of Micronesia. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public places including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• We strongly recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your travel policy covers you for the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and Travel Insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For further information see Terrorism Abroad.

Political Situation

Micronesia Country Profile

Local Travel

There are treacherous channel currents and rogue waves in parts of the islands. You are therefore advised to wear the appropriate safety equipment and take local advice at all times when engaging in adventure sports.

Local laws and customs

There are heavy penalties for drug offences.

Homosexuality is technically illegal in many Pacific countries and the laws are occasionally enforced. Open displays of affection between same-sex partners may offend local inhabitants.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Travel Advice Relevant to You.

Entry requirements

Visas

Visas are not required for British nationals visiting for periods of up to 30 days. Extensions of up to 30 days may be granted twice at a cost of US$10 for each extension and are obtainable from: Chief Immigration Officer, Palikir, Pohnpei (tel: 691 320 5844).

Passport validity

Passports must be valid for a minimum of six months on arrival.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country.

Health

There are confirmed cases of Swine Flu (H1N1) in Micronesia. Incoming visitors are likely to be screened in Kosrae and may be screened in Chuuk, Pohnpei and Yap. Health alerts are provided to arriving travellers by National Department of Health and Social Affairs. Persons who show symptoms of Swine Flu are likely to be asked to observe volutary home confinement unless there are medical reasons for hospital admission. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised its Pandemic Threat Alert Phase to Level 6. The WHO website has further details. Check Swine Flu for further information. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website at www.dh.gov.uk.

Medical facilities in Micronesia are adequate for uncomplicated treatment. For more serious or complicated problems, medical evacuation (to Guam or Australia) may be required. You should therefore ensure that you have appropriate insurance to cover medical evacuation by air ambulance.

Dengue occurs in Micronesia. Dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes. There is no vaccination against dengue, but there are preventative measures that you can take, as advised on the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) website.

There have been outbreaks of cholera in Micronesia in the past. You should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. If you suffer from diarrhoea during a visit to Micronesia you should seek immediate medical attention.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Micronesia and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the (NaTHNaC)or NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see Travel Health. For food/drink hygiene see Eat and drink Safely.

General

Insurance

We strongly recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance covering all eventualities, including cover for medical evacuation by air ambulance, before you travel, particularly if you plan to engage in adventure sports. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas then this is How We Can Help.

Consular representation

There is no British consular representation in the Federated States of Micronesia. Consular matters are covered by the Embassy in Manila, Philippines (please see Contact Details section). In an Emergency UK citizens should contact the Australian Embassy. The address is:

Australian Embassy
H & E Enterprises Building
Kolonia, Pohnpei
Federated States of Micronesia

Telephone: +691 320 5448
Facsimile: +691 320 5449
Email: australia@mail.fm

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here .

Replacing your passport

If you require a new passport, application forms can be downloaded from the Internet. You should send your completed passport application form by courier to the British Embassy in Manila. You should ensure that payment is made by remittance in Philippine Pesos to the British Embassy via Western Union (please confirm exact details with the British Embassy beforehand). Where possible, you are advised to apply at least two months before your passport is due to expire. You will be allowed to retain your old passport whilst waiting for the replacement to be issued and returned.

In the event of an emergency, the Australian High Commission can issue emergency travel documents and will ask you to complete a lost/stolen report form. We strongly advise you to keep a photocopy of the relevant pages of your passport, to avoid any complications.

India travel advice

Travel Summary

• We advise against all travel to, or through rural areas of Jammu and Kashmir other than Ladakh; all travel in the immediate vicinity of the border with Pakistan (Northern and Western India), other than at the international border crossing at Wagah; and all travel in Manipur and Tripura (East and North East India). See the specific Local Travel section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• We advise against all but essential travel to Srinagar (Northern India) and Imphal (East and North East India). If you do travel to these areas then you should only do so by air. See the specific Local Travel section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• Influenza A (H1N1): On arrival in India travellers from affected countries (including the UK) should be prepared to be asked questions or be checked for symptoms by medical staff. Travellers suspected of having H1N1 will be admitted to designated government hospitals for compulsory quarantine, testing and treatment. Travellers should consult their healthcare provider before travelling to India. There is a dedicated Swine Flu page on the UK In India FCO website at: http://ukinindia.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advice/swine-flu-india-advisory/. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised its Pandemic Threat Alert Phase to Level 6. The WHO website at http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html. There is a dedicated Swine Flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website at http://www.dh.gov.uk.
  
  
• There is a high general threat from terrorism throughout India. Recent attacks in Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad. Hyderabad and Bangalore have targeted public places, including luxury hotels, railway stations, markets and places of worship. Future attacks may target public places frequented by Westerners and expatriates, including in the major metropolitan centres (Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai) and tourist areas such as Goa.
  
  
• Over 734,000 British tourists visit India every year (source: Bureau of Immigration). Most of these visits are trouble-free. 1,291 British nationals required consular assistance in India in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009.
  
  
• You should keep a photocopy of your passport, Indian visa and flight ticket separate from the originals when travelling. Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and Travel Insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism/Security

There is a high general threat from terrorism throughout India. Recent attacks in Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Bangalore have targeted public places, including luxury hotels, railway stations, markets and places of worship. Future attacks may target public places frequented by Westerners and expatriates, including in the major metropolitan centres (Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai) and tourist areas such as Goa. Security levels have been increased at major airports. Travellers should therefore expect delays and allow more time when checking in.

British nationals should exercise particular caution when in the vicinity of key government installations and tourist sites, attending public events (including religious and sporting events), and in public places including hotels, airports, shopping malls, markets and on public transport.

You should take care to be extra vigilant in your movements in the lead up to and on days of national significance, such as Republic Day (January 26), Independence Day (August 15), Ramadan (21 Aug to 19 Sept 2009) and Diwali (17 October 2009) as terrorists have used such occasions to mount attacks in the past. Celebration venues, prominent government buildings, public transport, places of worship and public areas are potential targets for such attacks as are high profile events attended by large numbers of foreign nationals. Travellers should expect an increased security presence.

Since July 2006 there have been terrorist attacks in major cities including Mumbai, New Delhi, Jaipur, Faizabad, Varanasi, Lucknow and Hyderabad. Some of the sites targeted are frequented by tourists. These attacks, often in clusters and at peak shopping time in the early evening, have included:

• From 26-29 November 2008 terrorists attacked a number of sites in Mumbai, including luxury hotels, a railway station and a restaurant. Over 190 people were killed and more than 325 were injured. British Nationals were among the casualties.
  
• On 30 October 2008, 11 bombs exploded in Assam. Areas affected were Guwahati and the Barpeta, Bongaigoan and Kokrajhar districts. 77 people were killed and over 300 were injured.
  
• On 21 October 2008, a bomb exploded in Imphal, Manipur killing 17 people and injuring many others.
• On 27 September 2008, a bomb exploded in New Delhi. Two people were killed and 24 were injured.
  
• On 13 September 2008 five bombs exploded in New Delhi, 30 people were killed and 90 were injured.
  
• On 26 July 2008 a series of bombs exploded in Ahmadabad, Gujarat and the surrounding area resulting in up to 49 fatalities and over a 100 injured.
• On 25 July 2008 there were a series of bomb blasts in Bangalore, South Eastern India resulting in at least two fatalities and many more injuries.
• On 13 May 2008, there were a series of bomb blasts in Jaipur, western India, resulting in 60 fatalities and 200 casualties.

In some areas there are terrorist incidents virtually on a daily basis. The areas most affected are Jammu and Kashmir (excluding Ladakh) and the North East. A 30-year insurgency campaign by an ultra nationalist group in Assam continues with frequent bombings and random killings. Violent extremist groups are also active in the rural areas of Bihar, Jharkland, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal and Orissa.

Further details on these attacks are available in the Local Travel section of this advice.

See Terrorism Abroad for more details.

Crime

Beware of the risk of street crime and take personal security measures including:

• Taking particular care to safeguard your passport and credit/ATM cards, particularly when travelling by bus and train. There has been an increase in handbag snatching in Delhi.
• A photocopy of your passport, Indian visa and flight ticket should be kept separately from the originals when travelling.
• Be aware of what you are eating and drinking. There have been reports of travellers being drugged and robbed, particularly on trains.
• Do not leave your luggage unattended on trains if you step off for a few minutes at transit stations.
  
• Be wary of confidence tricksters, particularly in Agra and Jaipur. They promise a substantial cash reward for delivery of jewellery abroad but only in return for an initial deposit. The jewellery is invariably worthless and the deposit, often amounting to thousands of pounds, is lost.
• Avoid walking alone in isolated spots in the popular tourist areas, particularly after dark.
  
• There have been incidents of sexual offences against women in Goa, Delhi and Rajasthan, a number of whom have been British nationals. Female travellers are advised take particular care and to take basic personal safety precautions. For more guidance about this see "Women Travellers" and "Rape and Sexual Assault Overseas".
• Be aware that drinks served in bars overseas are often stronger than those in the UK.
  
  

For more general information see Victims of Crime Abroad.

Political Situation

India Country Profile

Political rallies and demonstrations are frequent throughout the country and can turn violent, particularly around elections. Transport and Public services may also be disrupted at short notice. Check whether elections are taking place in the area you are visiting by logging on to the Election Commission of India’s website - http://eci.nic.in/.

Local Travel

Jammu & Kashmir

We advise against all travel to or through rural areas of Jammu and Kashmir, other than to Ladakh, and against all but essential travel to Srinagar. If you intend to travel to Srinagar then you should only travel there by air. Despite an overall decline in violence in Jammu and Kashmir in recent years, there remains a high risk of unpredictable violence, including bombings, grenade attacks, shootings and kidnapping, and a substantial security force presence.

There is also a risk of kidnapping. Militants took an Indian journalist hostage in 2006. You should be aware that the long-standing policy of the British Government is not to make substantive concessions to hostage takers. The British Government considers that paying ransoms and releasing prisoners increases the risk of further hostage taking.

Recent significant incidents include:

• 8 July 2009: Around 80 people, including 20 policemen, were reported injured in violent clashes between protestors and security forces in Srinagar.
• 7 July 2009: A grenade exploded in the premises of a police station in Baramulla. No casualties were reported.
• 6 July 2009: Thirteen persons, including four policemen, were injured in a grenade attack on a police unit at Maisuma in Srinagar. There were two other grenade attacks on a police station in Sopore.
  
• 27 June 2009: Four paramilitary personnel were injured in a grenade attack by suspected militants near Jahangir Chowk in Srinagar.
• 2-3 June 2009: Around 80 people were reported injured in clashes between protestors and security forces in Srinagar, Shopian and Baramulla in the Kashmir Valley.
  
• April-May 2009: Around 25 people were reported injured in separate clashes between protestors and security forces in Srinagar in late April and early May (on 24 April, 3 and 8 May). Three people were injured in clashes at Sopore on 24 April.
  
• 24 February 2009: At least 15 people, including five policemen and a journalist, were injured in clashes between protestors and security forces in Srinagar.
  
  

There is the danger of land mines in some border areas.

Other Northern States

We advise against all travel in the immediate vicinity of the border with Pakistan other than travel across the international border at Wagah. Two rocket attacks launched from Pakistani territory landed near Attari on 4 July 2009. According to press reports these are the first outside Kashmir since 1971.

The border between India and Pakistan in Rajasthan is unmarked in some areas (primarily because of the local geography). Approaching the border away from an official crossing point could be dangerous, and where it is unmarked it could lead to a visitor straying into the other country illegally.

Trekking: In 2000, there were several attacks, including murder, in the mountain areas of Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh. We recommend that trekkers travel in groups and engage local guides.

If you are trekking in remote mountain areas you should be aware that there are no commercial mountain rescue services which are able to operate at altitudes above 3000 metres. There are also parts of the border areas where only the Indian Air Force is permitted to carry out air rescues. You should be aware though that they are under no obligation to perform air rescues and have limited resources available to do so. Lastly, you should ensure that your insurance policy covers you for altitudes over 2400 metres.

East and North East India

We advise against all travel in Manipur and Tripura and all but essential travel to Imphal. If you intend to travel to Imphal then you should only travel there by air. There is a risk from insurgent groups, mainly in rural areas of these and other states in the east and north east. Although foreigners have not been the deliberate targets of violence, attacks can be indiscriminate. Kidnapping, banditry and insurgency are rife throughout the region.

In the wake of cyclone “AILA”, over six million people were reported displaced and coastal areas in Sunderbans went under water. We advise British nationals to make enquiries before travelling to these worst affected areas.

A sudden rise in inter-communal violence in Udalgiri and Darrang in Upper Assam has resulted in over 50 deaths since the beginning of October 2008.

Since mid February 2008, sudden strikes have been called by the Gorkha Jana Mukti Morcha in Darjeeling and the surrounding hills in North Bengal. This has resulted in severe transport disruption, a shortage of drinking water, the suspension of waste removal and the closure of shops and government services in the region. It is recommended that if you intend to visit the region you should contact your hotel or lodgings beforehand to ensure that there is no localised disruption. The disruption will also affect visitors to Sikkim as roads to the state run through the Hill area. Since 13 July 2009, the Gorkha Janamukti Morcha (GJM) called for an indefinite strike in Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Kurseong and Mirik. There have been no vehicles allowed on the roads. Shops and offices remain closed.

• On 30 October 2008, 11 bombs exploded in Assam. Areas affected were Guwahati and the Barpeta, Bongaigoan and Kokrajhar districts. 77 people were killed and over 300 were injured.
  
• On 21 October 2008, a bomb exploded in Imphal, Manipur killing 17 people and injuring many others.
• On 1 October 2008, a bomb exploded in Agartala, capital of Tripura seriously injuring four people.
• On 16 January 2008, four people were seriously injured in an explosion in central Kolkata (Calcutta).
• On 13 December 2007, a train travelling from Dibrugarh to Guwahati was the target of a bomb blast, resulting in five deaths. You should be vigilant when travelling by public transport as it has been the target of previous attacks.
• On 30 September 2007, at least six people were killed and over 30 were injured in bombings in the state of Assam. The blasts occurred in the areas of Tinsukia and Doomdooma.

You should be aware of the risk of violent crime in the rural areas of Bihar and Jharkhand. There have also been occasional skirmishes on the India/Bangladesh border and civilians have been killed in the crossfire. If you intend to travel to the north east you should check for updates to travel advice and keep yourself up to date on developments in the region.

Indian Government permits are required for travel to Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Applications for travel should be made well in advance. In India, they should be made at the liaison offices of the state requiring permits or Foreigners Regional Registration Offices. Permits for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands can be issued on arrival in Port Blair but this is not the case for other states.

Western Region

We advise against all travel in the immediate vicinity of the border with Pakistan other than travel across the international border at Wagah.

The border between India and Pakistan in Gujarat is unmarked in some areas (primarily because of the local geography). Approaching the border away from an official crossing point could be dangerous, and where it is unmarked it could lead to a visitor straying into the other country illegally.

There continues to be some inter communal tension in Gujarat, which can lead to isolated incidents of violence.

In Mumbai, there is a risk of armed robbers holding up taxis travelling along the main highway from the airport to the city in the early hours of the morning when there is little traffic on the roads. If you are using the route during these times, you should, where possible, arrange to travel by coach or seek advice at the airport on arrival.

In Mumbai, the international and domestic airport terminals are at a considerable distance from each other and it is not possible to walk from one to the other. If you are transiting between international and domestic flights, it is recommended that you use the free shuttle services available at both airports. You can avail of this service as long as you are able to show a valid onward connection on your ticket. Please note that you will NOT be able to use the service once you exit the terminal building. Both terminals also have pre-paid taxi facilities. At the international terminal, these can be accessed from inside and outside the terminal building. At the domestic terminal, prepaid taxi facilities are only accessible from inside the terminal building. There have been reports of scams at both terminals, with unofficial taxi drivers demanding exorbitant sums of money once you are inside the cab. You are therefore advised to use either prepaid taxis, or metered taxis ONLY.

After you have cleared customs and immigration at Mumbai airport you should be wary of approaches by thieves posing as Government officials.

Please note that since 1 April 09 passengers are required to pay a new airport tax at Mumbai domestic and international terminals. For domestic flights, the fee is RS 100 and for international flights the fee is RS 600. The tax should already be included in the cost of airline tickets. However, if for any reason the tax is not included it will be collected at the airport check-in counter. You should therefore ensure you carry the appropriate amount in Indian rupees. If you wish to know in advance whether the tax has been included in the price of your ticket, please contact your travel agent or airline directly.

Southern India

A user development Fee (UDF) has been levied at Bangalore Airport for all Embarking / Departing Passengers for both Domestic and International journeys. The applicable UDF is Rs. 1070 per International Departing/ Embarking passenger and Rs.260 per Domestic Departing / Embarking Passenger. British nationals should check with their airline if this fee is included in their ticket.

Goa

You should take the same precautions as you would in any other coastal resort, be it in Europe or elsewhere in Asia.

Drugs are illegal in India. Penalties for possession of narcotic substances can be severe. There is a minimum sentence of six months for possession of small amounts “deemed” for personal consumption only. A 10-year sentence for possession of other amounts applies. Furthermore, the slow judicial process means that lengthy pre-trial detention, usually of several years, is normal.

You should be aware that drinks served in bars overseas are often stronger than those in the UK.

There have been reports of drinks being spiked and travellers, including British nationals, subsequently being robbed, sexually assaulted or dying. In 2008, 40 British nationals died in Goa up to ten of these deaths were attributed to drug or alcohol abuse.

You should avoid beaches after dark where there is a risk of being attacked by packs of stray dogs, being robbed or sexually assaulted. You should also avoid walking alone in isolated spots in the popular tourist areas, particularly after dark.

Female travellers are advised to observe and respect local dress and customs and to take particular care. There have been incidents of sexual offences against women. For more guidance about this see the Rape and Sexual Assault Abroad and Travel Advice Relevant To You.

Buying property in Goa: See the General section of this advice (below).

Road Travel

Take great care when travelling by road in India. Car and bike accidents are on of the biggest causes of injury and death overseas. Several British nationals die each year on Indian roads. Special care should be taken at night. Always look to travel in a well-maintained vehicle with seatbelts. If you travel by bike be sure to wear a helmet and proper footwear.

For further information see Driving Abroad.

Sea Travel

Tourist boats and other small crafts very rarely carry life saving equipment. The poor infrastructure can make the provision of consular assistance difficult, particularly in remote areas.

Piracy/armed robbery against ships has occurred in and around India’s waters. Mariners are advised to be vigilant.

For more general information see River and Sea Safety.

Swimming

There are strong currents off many areas of the Indian coast. Regular drownings of both locals and foreigners have highlighted the lack of warning signs or flags and life-saving equipment on most of India's beaches.

Rail Travel

Do not accept food or drinks from strangers. There have been reports of travellers being drugged and robbed on trains, more often than not on the overnight trains. Take particular care of your passport and valuables when boarding and whilst on the train.

Avoid individuals at railway stations offering tickets and tours, mainly to Kashmir and Rajasthan.

Air Travel

Between the months of December and April, flights leaving India become very full. Passengers may find themselves 'bumped off' flights even if they have confirmed seats. All international departures must therefore be re-confirmed at least 72 hours before departure.

Local laws and customs

You should not become involved with drugs of any kind. Penalties for possession of narcotic substances can be severe. There is a minimum sentence of six months for possession of small amounts for personal consumption only. A 10 year sentence for possession of other amounts applies. The slow judicial process means that lengthy pre-trial detention, usually of several years, is normal.

The penalties for paedophile offences are also severe.

Indian family law is very different from UK law and particular caution is needed when, for example, child custody becomes an issue. Please see child abduction.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Travel Advice Relevant to You.

Entry requirements

Visas

You must obtain a visa before travelling to India. If you arrive without a visa, you will be refused entry. Contact the Indian High Commission in London.

Foreign nationals arriving in India on long term multiple entry visas are required to register with the nearest Foreigners Regional Registration Officer within 14 days of arrival. Over stayers will be fined and may be prosecuted or detained and later deported. They may also need to appear in person at the Ministry of Home Affairs in Delhi. The High Commission/Deputy High Commission may not be able to intervene in these cases.

Passport validity

Passports are required to be valid for a minimum of six months.

Health

Local medical facilities are not comparable to those in the UK, especially in more remote areas. However, in the major cities private medical care is available, but is expensive. In the case of psychiatric illness, specialised treatment may not be available outside major cities. The treatment of such illnesses may require long-term hospitalisation, which may incur large expenditure and in many of these cases, insurance companies are reluctant to cover the cost.

There are many diseases common to India. You should take care with your water and food hygiene. You should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. If you suffer from diarrhoea during a visit to India you should seek immediate medical attention. Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue and chikungunya affect most of India.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 2,300,000 adults aged 15 or over in India were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 0.3% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to India and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Heath Network and Centre NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland’s Fit for Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see Travel Health.

Influenza A(H1N1) (Swine Flu)

For further information about “Swine Flu” and links to FCO, WHO and Dept of Health pages click on this link: http://ukinindia.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advice/swine-flu-india-advisory/.

Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

There has been an outbreak of avian influenza in Malda (North Bengal) and in Assam. The Government of India Animal Disease Laboratory in Bhopal has confirmed the strain as H5N1. Containment measures are underway including a culling of all poultry within a 3km radius of the outbreaks. No human infections have been confirmed.

Previous outbreaks have been in West Bengal and Manipur.

The risk to humans from Avian Influenza is believed to be very low. As a precaution you should avoid visiting live animal markets, poultry farms and other places where you may come into close contact with domestic, caged or wild birds; and ensure poultry and egg dishes are thoroughly cooked.

You should read this advice in conjunction with Avian and Pandemic Influenza, which gives more detailed advice and information.

Natural disasters

Monsoons

Travel inthe rural areas during the Monsoon season can be hazardous and care should be taken. Monsoon rains cause flooding and landslides that can cut off some towns and villages for days at a time. It is best to check access routes before setting off on a journey.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See Travel Insurance for more details.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas then this is how we can help.

Replacing a lost or stolen passport

If your travel document is lost or stolen you should notify the police immediately and obtain a police report. A replacement passport can be applied for at New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. Straightforward applications are normally issued within 10 working days.

Cults

There have been media reports about the activities of some cults and religious movements in India. For further information please contact the charity Information Network Focus on Religious Movements (INFORM), which aims to help people by providing them with accurate, balanced, up-to-date information about new and/or alternative religious or spiritual movements. The website offers guidance and information about seminars and events: http://www.inform.ac.

Consular Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.

Purchasing Property

You are advised to seek comprehensive legal advice from a reliable source before investing in immovable property or businesses in India. There have been a significant number of cases where British citizens and other foreign nationals have encountered serious difficulties, often apparently as a result of misleading advice from unscrupulous agents and by not adhering to strict visa and FEMA regulations resulting in (often unwitting) illegal acquisition of property..

There are strict rules preventing the purchase of property by non-Indian nationals (for example in Goa) which cannot be bypassed (e.g. by registering a local company for the sole purpose of acquiring a property). If the purchase is judged to violate local laws (including if you purchase whilst on a tourist visa), you are likely to lose all the money you have put in to the purchase, and may even face prosecution. For further information about the purchase of property in India please see: http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=33.

British Overseas Missions in India

NORTHERN INDIA: The British High Commission in NEW DELHI covers Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and the new State of Uttaranchal. Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110 021 (tel: +91 11 2687 2161; Consular fax: +91 11 2611 6094); e-mail: conqry.newdelhi@fco.gov.uk

Office Hours: (GMT) Mon-Fri: 03:00-07:30 and 08:30-11:30; {Local time): Mon-Fri: 09:00-13:00 and 14:00-16:00
Consular Hours: (GMT) Mon-Fri: 04:30 to 10:00; (local time): Mon-Fri: 10:00 to 15:00.

British High Commission, Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110 021. Tel (91 11) 2687 2161 (24 hours) Fax (91 11) 26 11 6094. e-mail conqry.newdelhi@fco.gov.uk
Office hours GMT 0330 - 1130 Local Time 0900-1700. Consular hours GMT 0330 - 0830 Local Time 0900 - 1400.

EAST AND NORTH-EAST: The British Deputy High Commission in KOLKATA (Calcutta) covers Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 1A Ho Chi Minh Sarani, Kolkata 700 071 (tel: +91 33 2288 5172/73/74/75/76; fax: +91 33 2288 3435) E-mail: Kolkata@fco.gov.uk
Office Hours: (GMT): 03:00-07:30 and 08:30-10:30; (Local time): 08:30-13:00 and 14:00-16:00.
Consular Hours: (GMT) Mon-Fri: 03:30 – 07:30 and 08:00 –10:30; (local time): Mon-Fri: 09:00 -13:00 and 13:30 – 16:00.
Emergency Duty Officer: +91 9831 075663.

SOUTH INDIA: The British Deputy High Commission in CHENNAI (Madras) covers Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, the Union Territory of Pondicherry and the Lakshadweep Islands. 20 Anderson Road, Chennai 600 006 (tel: +91 44 4219 2151; fax: +91 44 4219 2322) E-Mail: bdhcchen@airtelmail.in.
Office Hours: (GMT): 03:00-07:30 and 08:30-10:30; (Local time): 08:30-13:00 and 14:00-16:00.
Consular Hours: Mon-Thur (GMT) 03:30 - 07:30 and 08:00- 09:30 (Local time) 09:00 - 13:00 and 13:30 -15:00; Friday: (GMT) 04:00 - 07:00 (Local time) 09:30 - 12:30.

WESTERN REGION: The British Deputy High Commission in MUMBAI covers Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Naman Chambers, C/32 G Block, Bandra Kurla Complex, (Opposite Dena Bank), Bandra East, Mumbai 400051 (tel: +91 22 6650 2222) (fax: +91 22 6650 2324) E-Mail: Consular.bombay@fco.gov.uk

Office Hours: Mon-Thur: (GMT) 02:30-07:30 and 08:30-10:30; (Local time): 08:00-13:00 and 14:00-16:00
Consular opening hours: (GMT) 03:00 - 08:00 (Local time): 08:30 - 13:30 (Mon – Thurs) Fridays (GMT) 0300 - 0700 (Local Time): 0830 - 1230.
Emergency Duty Officer: +91 98200 00343; (Fax: +91 022 22833928).

The British Tourist Assistance Office in GOA provides consular assistance to British nationals. This office does not issue visas. S-13/14 Dempo Towers, Patto Plaza, Panaji, Goa- 403001. (Tel: +91 832 243 8897 / 8734); (Fax +91 832 6641297) Email: assistance@goaukconsular.org

Office Hours: Mon-Fri: (GMT) 02:30 - 10:30; (Local time): 08:00 - 16:00. Consular opening hours: Mon to Thu (GMT) 04:00 - 09:30 (Local time): 09:30 - 15:00; Fridays (GMT) 04:00 - 07:00 (Local time): 09:30 - 12:30. Emergency Duty Officer: +91 98200 00343. (Fax: +91 022 2283 3928).

Australia travel advice

Travel Summary

• There have been confirmed human cases of the H1N1 virus (Swine Flu) in Australia. You can check for updates on the situation in Australia by calling Australia’s Swine Flu Hotline on 1802 007, or by visiting the Australian Government’s Health Emergency website at www.healthemergency.gov.au. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised its Pandemic Threat Alert Phase to Level 6. The WHO website at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html has further details. You should monitor local media reports for any developments and advice. Australian authorities have implemented flu screening measures at airports, including advising incoming passengers before landing that if they feel unwell with flu symptoms they should ensure they seek immediate medical attention.There is a dedicated Swine Flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website at http://www.dh.gov.uk.
  
  
• There remains a general threat from terrorism in Australia. Attacks cannot be ruled out and could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. On 4 August 2009 the Australian authorities arrested a number of suspects alleged to be planning an attack on an Australian military base. As a result of previous, unconnected investigations into terrorist networks, several people have been convicted of terrorism offences. See the Terrorism section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• Over 670,000 British nationals visit Australia every year (Source: Tourism Australia). Australia is a vast country; you should plan your journeys carefully, particularly if travelling to remote areas, bushwalking or going swimming. Most visits to Australia are trouble–free. 1,235 British nationals required consular assistance in Australia in the period 01 April 2006 – 31 March 2007. The main types of incident for which British nationals required consular assistance in Australia during this period were lost or stolen passports (2,006 cases); deaths (76 cases) and hospitalisations (47 cases); and arrests, for a variety of offences (47 cases).
  
  
• British nationals are required to obtain visas for entry into Australia. You should ensure that you have a return or onward air ticket. See the Entry Requirements section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• Take extra health precautions if travelling in the Northern Territory, parts of Western Australia, and parts of Queensland. By April 2009 a seasonal outbreak of dengue fever in northern Queensland had resulted in over 900 confirmed cases and one death. See the Health section of this advice for more details.
  
  
• Australia is prone to seasonal natural disasters including tropical cyclones, flash flooding and bushfires (forest fires). The Cyclone Season normally runs from November to April. Heavy rain caused severe flooding in south-east Queensland and Northern New South Wales between March and May 2009. Bushfires are common in the summer months from November to February. In early February 2009, Victoria suffered its worst ever bushfire outbreak. See the Natural Disasters section of this advice and Tropical Cyclones for more details.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice and Travel Insurance for more details.

Safety and security

Terrorism

You should be aware that a general threat from terrorism remains in Australia. Attacks could be indiscriminate including in places frequented by expatriates and foreigner travellers. For further information see Terrorism Abroad.

On 4 August 2009, the Victorian and Australian Federal Police co-ordinated searches of 19 properties in Victoria and made four arrests in connection with counter-terrorism operations. Charges are being laid which relate to the preparation or planning of a terrorist act.

In November 2005, the Australian police arrested 16 people in Sydney and Melbourne in a counter-terrorism operation designed to disrupt preparations for a terrorist attack. Three more were arrested on terrorism charges in Melbourne in March 2006. The trial against those arrested in Melbourne concluded on 15 September 2008 with six convictions and four acquittals. The case against those from Sydney is ongoing.

Crime

• Like any other part of the world, be particularly careful with personal possessions and travel documents in cities and other popular tourist destinations.
• Avoid carrying everything in one bag.
• Luggage and other personal items left in unattended vehicles and identifiable hire cars and camper-vans may be targeted, including at theme park car-parks.
• Take particular care when walking at night in some of the busy tourist areas of Sydney, such as Kings Cross, down town George Street, Hyde Park and Centennial Park.
• Be alert when you are withdrawing cash from cash machines.
• Thefts from safe deposit facilities at cheaper hotels and hostels are common.
• Beware of online lettings scams in which prospective tenants are asked to transfer a deposit to an overseas bank account in return for keys to a rental property in Australia. A number of British and other foreign travellers have fallen victim to such scams.
  

Some street crime and house burglaries occur in all Australian cities but, on the whole, the level of crime is no higher than in the UK.

Proof of age cards are available from Roads & Traffic Authority (RTA) offices, and are an accepted form of ID for many everyday services, such as opening bank accounts or entering licensed premises. By obtaining such a card, you would not need to carry your passport with you unless travelling – thereby greatly reducing the risk of it being lost or stolen.

For more general information see Victims of Crime Abroad.

Be aware that alcohol and drugs can lead to you being less alert, less in control and less aware of your environment. If you are going to drink, know your limit. Remember that drinks served in bars overseas are often stronger than those in the UK. There have been cases of serious sexual offences against British nationals in Australia. For more guidance about this see Rape and Sexual Assault Abroad.

Political Situation

Australia Country Profile

Local Travel

Australia is a vast country. You are recommended to take regular rest breaks when driving long distances - there are many rest stops provided. There are extremely remote outback areas, which can present unexpected hazards. If you intend travelling to such areas you should plan your trip with care and seek and follow local advice on what precautions to take. In addition, when travelling to remote tourist areas of the outback, it is essential to leave your route details and expected time of return with the relevant local tourist authorities or police, your hotel/hostel, or with friends and relatives. Ensure that you also notify them if your travel plans change and when you finally return. Many tourists are reported missing, only to be found safe and well at their next destination.

If you intend bushwalking in or exploring national parks you must be aware that the majority of these are in remote areas and it can take hours to reach help. This has resulted in a number of recent deaths. The terrain and intense heat can have a severe impact in reducing your capabilities, and you should take plenty of water and a means of rigging up a shelter from the sun. The NSW Police Force website provides further advice on bush safety, most of which applies throughout Australia: http://www.police.nsw.gov.au/community_issues/crime_prevention/programs/trek

Australia is home to a number of dangerous animal species, from crocodiles, jellyfish and sharks to poisonous insects and snakes. The West Tropics Management Authority website has information on dangerous marine life: http://www.wettropics.gov.au/vi/vi_marine.html and dangerous animals: http://www.wettropics.gov.au/vi/vi_animals.html.

The Tourism Australia website: www.australia.com has extensive information on travelling around the continent.

Beach safety

Rip currents are the leading surf hazard for all beach users. They can occur at any beach, and can sweep even the strongest swimmer out to sea. Rip currents are responsible for around 15,000 beach rescues and up to 120 drownings each year in Australia (source: Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA)). There are more British victims than any other foreign nationality, with as many as 600 British nationals rescued and up to four drownings each year.

To enjoy Australia’s beaches safely, take the following simple precautions:

• Always swim between the red and yellow flags, as these indicate it is a supervised location where a lifesaving service is currently on duty.
• Do not swim at unsupervised locations.
• Observe and obey safety signage which indicates current and typical hazards for that location.
• Ask a lifeguard or lifesaver for advice on conditions; they are there to make your experience safer and more enjoyable.
• Always swim with a friend; never swim alone.
• If you get into trouble, stay calm and signal for help by calling and waving your arm above your head.
  

Further guidance on beach safety is available on the SLSA website at http://www.slsa.com.au/default.aspx?s=_factsheets

Swimming safety

Be aware of your own limitations in terms of your physical health and your swimming ability in the given conditions. Never swim while, or after, consuming alcohol.

Take care when swimming in, or crossing, rivers and pools as these can be subject to sudden flash flooding as a result of heavy rain elsewhere in the area. There have also been cases of British nationals being injured by diving into water which was too shallow. You should ensure that there is sufficient depth of water before diving, and always follow warning signs if present.

For more general information see River and Sea Safety.

Road Travel

In 2008 there were 1,464 road deaths in Australia (source: Australian Transport Safety Bureau). This equates to 6.9 road deaths per 100,000 of population and compares to the UK average of 5.0 road deaths per 100,000 of population in 2007 (source: DfT).

As a visitor, you may drive in Australia on a valid UK driving licence, which covers the class of vehicle you use. You must carry your licence when driving, in addition to a valid passport. An international driving permit is not sufficient and must be accompanied by a separate valid driving licence. There is an on-the-spot fine for not having your licence with you. You should also ensure that you are adequately covered for insurance purposes, including if you borrow a car from a friend or relative.

If you intend to stay in Australia and you hold a permanent visa, you are no longer considered a visitor. You are allowed to drive on a current overseas licence for a maximum of three months, after which you must apply for a local licence. The local authorities will only accept your UK driving licence if the names match exactly those in your passport; if they do not, you should obtain a replacement licence from the DVLA before applying for a local licence.

If you plan on driving in Western Australia, or are applying to do so, and you suffer from a permanent or long term injury or illness that is likely to impair your ability to drive a motor vehicle, you are required by law to report this to the Western Australia Department of Transport. For information on what you need to report, and how, see their website at: http://www.transport.wa.gov.au/licensing/yourlicence/15753.asp

Driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs is illegal. The penalties can be severe.

Seat belts must be worn at all times while driving in Australia. Weather hazards can seriously impair driving – road conditions can change rapidly. Sudden storms and strong winds can make driving difficult. Take particular care when driving on unmetalled roads, 4WD tracks and desert/beach roads. In April 2009 a 4WD troop carrier crashed and overturned on a beach on Fraser Island, killing two people (including one British man) and injuring nine others (including four Britons).

For further information see Driving Abroad.

Air Travel

If you are returning to the UK from Australia via Osaka, Japan you must pay airport tax of 2,650 Yen (approx £17.00) in order to board the Osaka-London flight.

The revised EU-wide security measures that came into effect for all passengers departing from UK airports in November 2006 have also been implemented in Australia. For more details about this please see the Dft Airline Security.

Local laws and customs

The Australian authorities will take action against anyone who imports or is found to be trafficking illegal substances. Prosecution can lead to a lengthy jail sentence and non-Australian nationals are usually deported at the end of their sentence. Deportation may lead to a ban on returning to Australia for several years. Laws, and the penalties for breaking them, can differ from State to State.

Australia has an established tradition of tolerance towards homosexuality, however there are still isolated incidents of homophobic related crimes. Gay and lesbian travellers should be aware of local sensitivities particularly when visiting rural communities.

Travellers spending a gap year in Australia (or elsewhere) may like to view www.gogapyear.com.

Quarantine Procedures

Australian authorities are rigorous in their efforts to keep out any pests and diseases that could affect plant, animal and human health. All luggage is x-rayed on arrival, whether arriving by plane with visitors or by mail. Any items of quarantine concern are further inspected, treated and, if necessary, confiscated and destroyed.

Before landing you will be given an incoming passenger card on the plane, on which you must declare any food or goods of plant or animal origin. These goods includes nuts, dried fruit and vegetables, herbs and spices, biscuits, cakes and confectionery, teas, coffees and milk-based drinks and sporting equipment (including camping gear), amongst others. A full list of items which must be declared, as well as prohibited goods, can be found on the Australian Quarantine & Inspection Service website. Breaches of quarantine regulations can result in large fines.

You must also declare on the passenger card if you have "visited a rural area, or been in contact with, or near, farm animals outside Australia in the past 30 days". As a result of these quarantine procedures, you should expect some delay on arrival.

For more general information for different types of travellers see Travel Advice Relevant to You.

Entry requirements

Visas

Visas are required for all travel to Australia. British citizens can obtain the following types of electronic visitor visa:

• an eVisitor visa direct from the Department of Immigration & Citizenship at: http://www.immi.gov.au/visitors/tourist/evisitor/.There is no visa application charge or service fee for this;
• an Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) via their travel agent or airline. There is no visa application charge, but a service fee of A$20 applies

Information on all other types of visa is available from the the Department of Immigration & Citizenship, or from the Australian High Commission in London

Passport Validity

Australia does not have a minimum passport validity requirement for incoming passengers. But if you intend onward travel to other countries in the region, please note you are advised that entry into some countries may be refused, and airlines may not carry you, if your passport has less than six months validity. This also affects passengers transiting some countries en route to/from Australia (i.e. if they pass through immigration and enter the transit country), such as Singapore. See the Travel Advice for Singapore. For further information on entry requirements you should check with the Embassy or High Commission in London of the country you intend to visit/transit.

Staying in, and leaving, Australia

You should ensure that you hold sufficient funds for the whole of your stay in Australia, and have access to emergency funds in case you do run out of money. You should also ensure that you have a return or onward air ticket (this is in any case mandatory for certain Australian visa categories). Do not rely on obtaining money from sources such as tax refunds to fund a return flight.

Health

There have been confirmed human cases of the H1N1 virus (Swine Flu) in Australia. You can check for updates on the situation in Australia by calling Australia’s Swine Flu Hotline on 1802 007, or by visiting the Australian Government’s Health Emergency website at http://www.healthemergency.gov.au. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised its Pandemic Threat Alert Phase to Level 6. The WHO website at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html has further details. You should monitor local media reports for any developments and advice. Australian authorities have implemented flu screening measures at airports, including advising incoming passengers before landing that if they feel unwell with flu symptoms they should ensure they seek immediate medical attention. There is a dedicated Swine Flu page on the FCO website. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website at http://www.dh.gov.uk

Reciprocal medical arrangements exist between Australia and the UK. Under the reciprocal agreement British nationals may have unforeseen emergency medical treatment under the Australian Medicare scheme. Australian Medicare (not the British national health) provisions apply to British visitors to Australia; but other British nationals, for example those who are studying in Australia, are not covered by the same Medicare provisions. You should check Medicare Australia for further details. There are also other exclusions under the reciprocal agreement such as treatment for pre-existing medical conditions, pharmaceuticals when not a hospital in-patient, use of ambulance services and medical evacuations. The latter, in particular, is very expensive. See the General (Insurance) section of this advice for more details on insurance.

Dengue, Murray Valley Encephalitis (MVE) and Ross River Fever occur in northern parts of Australia (the Northern Territory, Northern Queensland and northern Western Australia). All three viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes. There is no vaccination against them, but there are preventative measures that you can take, as advised on the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) website. The dengue season officially begins each February. By early April 2009 this year’s outbreak of dengue fever in northern Queensland had led to over 900 confirmed cases in and around Cairns and Townsville. One elderly lady in Cairns died from dengue-related complications in early March. Scientists are also concerned that the dengue mosquito could re-establish itself in the more populous areas of south-east Queensland. A man died from MVE in Darwin in late March.

There were over 3,300 cases of pertussis (whooping cough) in New South Wales in January and February 2009 compared to 448 cases in the same period last year. One baby died of the disease in March. For more information, see the NSW Health website at http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/2009/index.asp. Queensland Health has also warned of two to three times the normal level of incidence of the disease. The number of cases nationally is at its highest level in four years.

There has also been a higher than normal incidence of cryptosporidiosis, a diarrhoeal disease caused by a parasitic infection of the intestine, in New South Wales. NSW Health reported 201 cases in February, compared to 106 cases in January and 45 cases in December 2008. The highest rates of infections were in children under five. For more information, visit the NSW Health website, as above.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 18,000 adults aged 15 or over in Australia were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 0.2% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Australia and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Heath Network and Centre NaTHNaC or NHS Scotland’s Fit for Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see Travel Health and for food/drink hygiene see Eat and Drink Safely.

Natural disasters

Tropical Cyclones

Tropical Cyclones occur in some parts of Australia, mainly Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia. The Cyclone season normally runs from November to April. You should monitor local and international weather updates from the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). You can also access the Australian Bureau of Meteorology website for updates. For further information see Tropical Cyclones.

You should be aware that (depending on the season) flash flooding of large areas can occur suddenly. You should plan your trip with care and seek and follow local advice on what precautions to take. Heavy rain caused severe flooding in south-east Queensland (including the Sunshine Coast and Gold Coast) and northern New South Wales between March and May 2009. For current information, see The State of Queensland (Department of Emergency Services) - www.emergency.qld.gov.au and the New South Wales State Emergency Service - www.ses.nsw.gov.au.

Bushfires

You should be aware of the risk of bushfires at the height of the Australian summer (November to February). Bushfires are common in the summer months from November to February. In early February 2009, Victoria suffered its worst ever bushfire outbreak, with 173 people confirmed dead, up to 500 injured, and nearly 2000 homes destroyed. You should check with local State authorities for current information. For Victoria see: http://www.cfa.vic.gov.au; for South Australia see: http://www.cfs.org.au and for New South Wales see: http://www.rfs.nsw.gov.au.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You are advised to consider taking out separate medical insurance for the whole of your overseas visit, including any time spent in Australia. It is also advisable to have cover for unexpected losses such as cancelled flights, stolen cash, cards, passport or luggage. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas then this is how we can help.

Mobile phones

The mobile phone network generally works well in cities and large towns but coverage on the edge of build-up areas and in rural areas can be very limited or non-existent in the more remote outback areas. You can use your UK mobile phone in Australia if global roaming has been activated, but making and receiving calls can be expensive. Many visitors prefer to buy an Australian SIM card on arrival. These are cheap to buy and calls, both local and international, are usually cheaper than using a UK SIM card. Australian SIM cards are available at some Australian airports, and at convenience stores and supermarkets.

Consular Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE can be found here.