Mali travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with an amendment to the Terrorism section. The overall level of the advice has not changed

Travel Summary

• There is a high threat from terrorism. Terrorists have been involved in kidnaps in the region and we believe that further kidnap attacks are likely. A group of European tourists were kidnapped in the area of the Mali-Niger border near Menaka on 22 January 2009 and a British national who was part of this group was later murdered. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• There have been reports of kidnap threats against westerners attending festivals in Mali. You should be aware that the “Festival in the Desert” and “Sahara Nights” festival, which take place in Timbuktu and Essouk (500 kilometres north east of Timbuktu) are in areas of Mali to which we currently advise against all travel.
  
  
• We advise against all travel to the provinces of Mali north of the River Niger from Mopti. This includes the provinces of Kidal, Gao, Koulikoro (north of Mourdiah), Segou (north of Niono), Tombouctou (including the city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu)), areas bordering Mauritania east of Nioro in the Kayes province, and the north of Mopti province (north of the town of Douentza).
  
  
• Travel in Mali can be difficult and conditions are poor for overland travel. You should take all necessary steps to protect your safety, especially outside of main urban areas, and you should have confidence in your individual security arrangements and maintain a high level of vigilance. See the terrorism and Local Travel sections of this advice.
  
  
• The British Ambassador to Mali is resident in Dakar, Senegal. However, there is a British Embassy Liaison Office in Bamako, offering consular advice and assistance. See the General section of this advice.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check that your insurance company are aware of all the areas that you are travelling and to confirm that you are adequately covered. You should also ensure that you seek medical advice prior to travelling and that you have had all necessary vaccinations. You should also check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of the advice and our Travel Insurance page.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a high threat from terrorism. Terrorists have been involved in kidnaps in the region and we believe that further kidnap attacks are likely. Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQ-M) operates directly or through criminal gangs who carry out kidnappings on their behalf or pass on their kidnap victims for monetary gain. Recent kidnaps in or close to Mali include:

• On 28 December 2009, a group of Saudi nationals were attacked near the village of Djambala in Niger, close to the Mali border. Four died in this attack.
  
• On 18 December 2009 an Italian couple were kidnapped by an armed group in south eastern Mauritania 18 km east of Kobonni on the road to Mali.
• On 29 November 2009 three Spanish nationals were kidnapped whilst travelling on the road from Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania, to the northern city of Nouadhibou.
• On 25 November 2009 a French national was kidnapped near the city of Gao in Eastern Mali.
• On November 14, 2009, there was an attempted kidnap in Tahoua, Niger, by heavily armed individuals against employees of the American Embassy.
• A group of European tourists were kidnapped in the area of the Mali-Niger border on 22 January 2009. A British national who was part of this group was later executed.
• On 14 December 2008 two Canadian diplomats were kidnapped 25 miles outside of Niamey and held in Mali.
  

There have been reports of kidnap threats against westerners attending festivals in Mali. You should be aware that the "Festival in the Desert" and "Sahara Nights" festival which take place in Timbuktu and Essouk (500 kilometres north east of Timbuktu) are in areas of Mali to which we currently advise against all travel.

If you are travelling to Mali as part of an organised tour you should confirm with the organisers that they are aware of our Travel Advice and that they can confirm in writing that their travel insurance still applies.

Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

You should be aware that the long-standing policy of the British Government is not to make substantive concessions to hostage takers. The British Government considers that paying ransoms and releasing prisoners increases the risk of further hostage taking.

For further information see our Terrorism Abroad page.

Political Situation

Mali Country Profile

Malian security forces continue to be active against rebel groups operating in northern and north eastern Mali. Outbreaks of fighting between the army and the rebel groups and attacks by rebel groups usually, though not exclusively, occur in the region of Kidal and have resulted in a number of people being killed or kidnapped.

In January 2009 a group of unidentified men launched grenades at the residences of well-known Touareg leaders in the city of Gao, resulting in at least two deaths with others seriously injured.

In December 2008, a rebel group attacked a military base in Nampala, south-west of Timbuktu towards the border with Mauritania, resulting in the death of more than fifteen people, including civilians. Since then there have been further attacks in the northern part of the Segou region of western Mali, along the Mauritanian border.

Large political rallies and demonstrations are not common in Mali, we recommend that you avoid them.

Crime

There have been incidents of armed banditry, car-jacking, and kidnap in northern Mali.

Bandits and smugglers are particularly active across the Mali-Algeria, Mali-Guinea and Mali-Niger borders and constitute a real risk to travellers, especially after dark. The presence of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQ-M) in the northern region also presents potential risks for travellers.

Crime rates in the rest of Mali are generally not high but you should take sensible precautions. Do not carry valuables in public.

For more general information see our Victims of Crime Abroad page.

Local Travel

We advise against all travel to the provinces of Mali north of the River Niger from Mopti. This includes the provinces of Kidal, Gao, Koulikoro (north of Mourdiah), Segou (north of Niono), Tombouctou (including the city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu)), areas bordering Mauritania east of Nioro in the Kayes province, and the north of Moptio province (north of the town of Douentza).

Landmines are being used by groups operating in North and North East Mali.

If you plan to travel to any of the areas of Mali where we advise against travel, you are advised to fly. If travelling overland, it is essential to plan your journey in advance and inform local authorities (police and/or army) before leaving Bamako. A reputable local driver/guide is also recommended. In all cases, travelling after dark should be avoided.

Road Travel

Road conditions off the main roads are often poor, especially in the rainy season (June-September). Driving standards can be poor. You should take particular care and attention when driving in Bamako.

In June 2008, 12 people were killed in one week in accidents on the Bamako-Dakar road (via Kayes). Between 23 September and 8 October 2006, approximately 50 people died in road accidents on RN7 (Bamako-Segou-Mopti road).

For more general information see our Driving Abroad page.

Air Travel

The EU has published a list of air carriers that are subject to an operating ban or restrictions within the community. You should check the following link to see whether this will affect your travel - European Commission Transport - Air.

For more general information see Airline Security.

Local laws and customs

Local laws reflect the fact that Mali is a Muslim country. You should respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious areas. For more general information see our Travelling During Ramadan page.

Women are expected to dress modestly.

Homosexuality is legal in Mali, but not widely accepted.

For more general information for different types of travellers see our Your trip page.

Entry requirements

Visas

British citizens require a visa to enter Mali, obtainable from a Malian Embassy or Consulate. There are Malian Embassies in some neighbouring countries, which issue visas.

Yellow Fever vaccination certificate

You must also have a valid international vaccination card with a valid yellow fever immunisation.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country. For further information on exactly what will be required at immigration please contact the Mali Embassy in Brussels.

Health

Medical facilities in Mali are very limited.

Cholera, malaria and other tropical diseases are common to Mali. Outbreaks of meningitis also occur, usually from the end of February to mid-April. Since mid-March 2007, Malian health services have recorded nearly 400 cases of meningitis with 26 deaths, with the majority of cases occurring in the Sikasso, Koutiala and Bamako regions.

You should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. If you suffer from diarrhoea during a visit to Mali you should seek immediate medical attention.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 93,000 adults aged 15 or over in Mali were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 1.5% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see our HIV and AIDS page.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Mali and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Heath Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see our Travel Health, and Swine Flu pages.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive medical and travel insurance before travelling. This should include cover for medical treatment and evacuation, accidents, cancelled flights and stolen cash, credit cards, passport and luggage. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see our Travel Insurance page.

If things do go wrong when you are oversees then this is our When Things Go Wrong page.

Consular assistance

The British Embassy Liaison Office (BELO) in Bamako offers consular advice and assistance. For passport services, applications should be made to the British Embassy in Dakar. Forms are available from the BELO, which is located in the Canadian Embassy compound.

Registration

British nationals residing in Mali should register at the BELO, as should anyone intending to travel up-country.

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with LOCATE.

Money

Major banks and hotels accept credit cards and travellers cheques.

Malawi travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with amendments to the Summary and Road Travel section. The overall level of the advice has not changed; there are currently no travel restrictions in place in Malawi.

Travel Summary

• Driving can be hazardous. Drive carefully, avoid travel after dark and in public minibuses. Always wear seat belts. Lock your doors and keep windows closed.
  
  
• It is recommended that you a carry a photocopy of your passport and visa with you at all times.
  
  
• Most visits to Malawi are trouble-free. 14 British nationals required consular assistance in Malawi in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009 for the following types of incident: deaths (4 cases); hospitalisations (5 cases); and arrests, for a variety of offences (1 case). During this period assistance was also requested with regard to lost or stolen passports (30 cases).
  
  
• There has been a series of earthquakes in northern Malawi since the end of November 2009. There are no reports of British Nationals being involved.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance. See the General (Insurance) section of this Travel Advice .

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. For more general information see Terrorism Abroad.

Crime

Most visits to Malawi are trouble-free, but you should be alert to muggers and bag-snatchers. Avoid walking around quiet areas, especially after dark. You should lock car doors and keep windows closed, especially when stopping your vehicle. Armed car jacking is a risk, especially for drivers of four-by-four vehicles. Do not offer lifts to strangers and be alert to obstructions in the road. Exercise caution with over-friendly people who approach you offering to act as guides or selling goods. Do not accept food or drink from strangers as people have been robbed after eating drugged food. The majority of thefts from visitors take place around the main bus stations in Lilongwe and Blantyre. Thefts are also common at the main ports for the Ilala ferry.
House burglaries, including by armed gangs, are common. Be alert to anything unusual and keep on good terms with any staff who have access to the premises. Security precautions at home are as important as on the streets. We advise you to seek security advice from the Mulanje Mountain Club if you intend to climb Mulanje Mountain.
Safeguard valuables and cash. Deposit them in hotel safes, where practical. Keep copies of important documents, including passports, in a separate place to the documents themselves. Lost or stolen passports are sometimes handed to the police within a few days. You should report the loss to the nearest police station as soon as possible, and remain in touch with that station in case of recovery. The High Commission is not always informed when a passport is found. For more general information see our Victims of Crime Abroad page

Political Situation
Malawi Country Profile The 2009 Presidential and Parliamentary elections were conducted in a peaceful environment despite high political tension beforehand. You should avoid demonstrations, rallies and large public gatherings as a precaution.

Local Travel

Road Travel

Malawi has experienced a shortage of fuel for several months, which impacted on business and tourist travel, though the situation has now normalised.

Driving in Malawi can be hazardous. Drive carefully, always wear a seatbelt and avoid travel after dark. Potholes, animals, abandoned vehicles and cyclists can often cause serious accidents, as do vehicles travelling at night without lights.
You should be aware that Malawi has a very high rate of fatalities on the road in proportion to the number of vehicles. Travel between towns by public minibus or pick-up truck is not recommended; vehicles are often in poor condition and overloaded. Fatal accidents are frequent and emergency services are basic. Larger coach services do run between the major towns and are more reliable.

The Malawi Police Service has introduced breathalyser tests, and regularly stops vehicles for speeding. Speed cameras are also operated on the main roads. Drivers caught drink driving or speeding can have their licences and/or vehicles confiscated on the spot, for return only after appearance before a magistrate. Convicted drivers face a fine and/or imprisonment. The blood alcohol limit is 0.08g per 100ml of blood, the same as in the UK.

UK driving licences are acceptable in Malawi for up to 90 days; international driving licences for up to a year. For more general information see our Driving Abroad page

Air Travel

As Air Malawi planes do not fly into the UK the UK Civil Aviation Authority has not assessed Malawi’s Department for Civil Aviation for compliance with International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) or European Union aviation safety standards. British Government employees are advised, where possible, to avoid Air Malawi and use other airlines/modes of transport. You should bear this in mind when making travel plans.
For more general information see our Airline Security page.

Local laws and customs

Drug taking and smuggling are offences. This includes the purchase and use of cannabis. Punishment can be severe.

Buying uncut precious stones is illegal.

Outside the main tourist areas, women should cover legs and shoulders so as not to offend local sensitivities.

Homosexuality acts are illegal in Malawi. For more general information for different types of travellers see our Your trip page.

Entry requirements

Visas

British nationals do not require a visa in advance for tourist visits. Visitors are usually granted 30-day tourist visa at no charge on arrival; these can be renewed up to a maximum of 90 days at the cost of 5,000 Malawi Kwacha. It is recommended that you carry a photocopy of your passport and visa with you at all times.
The Malawi High Commission can also advise on other types of entry requirement, and the procedure for longer stays.

You are not allowed to work as a volunteer, even unpaid, on a tourist visa. For details on entry requirements as a volunteer, contact the Malawi High Commission in London for advice.

Passport validity

Passports should be valid for at least 6 months from the proposed date of entry.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country and/or before permitting the children to leave the country. For further information on Malawi's immigration requirements please contact the Malawi High Commission in London.

Health

Healthcare standards, particularly in the rural areas of Malawi, are generally poor. Malaria and rabies are common to Malawi. Bilharzia can be contracted in many lake shore areas and rivers. Kasungu National Park is home to tsetse flies carrying sleeping sickness. Outbreaks of gastric intestinal infections and cholera are also common, especially during the rainy season (December to March). Tap water may not be safe to drink, especially in rural areas. You should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. If you suffer from diarrhoea during a visit to Malawi you should seek immediate medical attention. In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 840,000 adults aged 15 or over in Malawi were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 11.9% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see our HIV and AIDS page. You should seek medical advice before travelling to Malawi and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47. For more general health information see our Travel Health.

Natural disasters

Earthquakes

Since late November 2009, there has been a series of earthquakes in northern Malawi around Karonga. Some of these have been quite severe, registering up to 6.2 on the Richter scale, and have caused some deaths and damage to buildings. There are no reports of British Nationals being involved.

General

Insurance

Since late November 2009, there have been a series of earthquakes in northern Malawi around Karonga. Some of these have been quite severe, registering up to 6.2 on the Richter scale, which have caused some deaths and damage to buildings. There are no reports of British Nationals being involved.

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling, covering medical evacuation. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more information see our Travel Insurance page.
If things do go wrong when you are overseas, this isour When Things Go Wrong page.

Registration

You should register with the British High Commission Consular Section in Lilongwe on line at UK in Malawi if you intend to stay in Malawi for more than a few days. If you have any queries you can email LilongweConsular/Passport@fco.gov.uk.

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency. More information about registering with can be found Here.

Money

Credit cards are not widely accepted in Malawi. Travellers’ cheques or cash are advised as means of exchange. Money can be changed at the airport, banks or commercial bureaux de change. Holders of the main UK credit cards are able to withdraw funds from ATMs but there are few machines, even in tourist locations. Visitors are advised to declare foreign currency on entry and departure from Malawi. Searches for foreign currency take place on exiting the country. People leaving the country are only allowed to take out a maximum of 3000 Malawi Kwacha in cash.

Madagascar travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with updates to the Summary (situation in centre of Antananarivo) and the Health section (yellow fever). The overall level of the advice has not changed.

Travel Summary

• The situation in the centre of Antananarivo remains unstable and potentially volatile. Visitors should avoid any crowds or political gatherings which may occur. The Ambohijatovo, Lac Anosy, Ankorondrano, Mahamasima, Tsimbazaza and Analakely areas have been subject to such gatherings and outbreaks of violence for the duration of the political unrest. Following the recent breakdown of negotiations on resolving the political crisis, there have been reports of renewed demonstrations in Antananarivo, with security personnel using tear gas to disperse crowds. There are reports that vehicles owned by members of the international community resident in Antananarivo, including those owned by diplomats, have been attacked during demonstrations. You should remain vigilant and maintain a low profile while moving around, in particular if travelling alone.
  

• There has been continued political unrest in Madagascar since January 2009. The political situatiuon remains fluid and subject to unexpected change. For further information plse see the Political Situation and Local Travel sections of this Travel Advice.
  

• In June 2009, two bombs exploded in the centre of Antananarivo and a number of others were defused. There were no reported injuries. On 18 July 2009, one man was killed and two others injured when an explosive device they were carrying went off prematurely in their vehicle. It is unclear who was responsible for these attacks.
  

• We advise visitors to Madagascar to travel with established organisations or travel firms who have the capacity to monitor the local media and warn of possible trouble. If travelling independently we advise that you monitor the local media closely and keep abreast of the situation for the duration of your visit. Business travellers should take similar precautions.
  

• You should remain alert to the possibility of acts of disorder by elements of the security forces and avoid any actions that might antagonise them, e.g. taking photographs. You should also carry an ID at all times. Avoid travelling at night. If it is essential that you travel at night, do so with care and lock vehicle doors.
  
  

• Due to the speed at which events can develop we advise all British nationals in Madagascar to monitor the local media and remain in touch with our Honorary Consuls and local authorities. We encourage all British citizens visiting Madagascar to register on LOCATE so that our High Commission staff in Port Louis, Mauritius can provide assistance if needed.
  

• There is no British Embassy in Madagascar, but there are Honorary British Consuls in Antananarivo and Toamasima. Madagascar is covered from the British High Commission in Port Louis., Mauritius. See the General (Representation) section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• The cyclone season in Madagascar normally runs from January to March; coastal areas are particularly affected. See the Natural Disasters section of this travel advice and our Tropical Cyclones page.
  
  
• The main type of problem for which British nationals required consular assistance in Madagascar in 2008 was for the replacement of lost or stolen passports. There is a significant risk of crime in Madagascar. See the Crime section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See the General (Insurance) section of this Travel Advice for and our Travel Insurance page.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism. But you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For more information see Terrorism Abroad.

Crime

With the weakening of government authority and rising unemployment, muggings and robberies are occurring with increasing frequency, not only in urban areas but in nature reserves and on beaches. There have also been increasing numbers of robberies from bus taxi passengers. During the current political crisis, there have been a number of instances of large-scale looting of shops and stores. The potential for further similar instances remain. You should keep clear of any street disturbances and not leave your bags unattended. You should keep large amounts of money, jewellery, cameras and cell phones out of sight when walking in town centres. Avoid walking in city centres after dark.

You should also take sensible precautions in crowded areas such as street markets and airports, where pick-pocketing is common.

Safeguard valuables, important documents and cash. Deposit them in hotel safes, where practicable. Keep copies of important documents, including passports, in a separate place to the documents themselves.

Vehicle theft and theft from cars has become more frequent during recent months.

For more information see our Victims of Crime Abroad page

Political Situation

Madagascar Country Profile

There has been political unrest in Madagascar since January 2009, which has resulted in a number of violent incidents and lootings in Antananarivo and regional centres, resulting in a number of deaths. President Ravalomanana resigned in March 2009 and Andry Rajoelina was installed as head of a transitional government, the “High Transitional Authority” (HAT). On 9 August and 7 November 2009 the key political Malagasy parties signed agreements to form an inclusive transitional government and to hold elections within 15 months of the initial agreement. However, these agreements broke down during December 2009, with Andry Rajoelina unilaterally announcing plans to replace the previously agreed transitional leadership with his own nominees, and proposing parliamentary elections to be held in March 2010. This has led to further demonstrations and renewed unrest. The political situation remains fluid and subject to unexpected change.

Local Travel

The situation in the centre of Antananarivo remains unstable and potentially volatile. Visitors should avoid any crowds or political gatherings that may occur. The Ambohijatovo, Lac Anosy, Ankorondrano, Tsimbazaza, Analakely and the Mahamasima areas have been subject to such gatherings and outbreaks of violence for the duration of the political unrest. Following the recent breakdown of negotiations on resolving the political crisis, there have been reports of renewed demonstrations in Antananarivo, with security personnel using tear gas to disperse crowds.

Any movements around the city should be made with great care. Avoid receiving or touching any parcels which may appear suspect. Security in the city is deteriorating, with muggings, pick pocketing and burglary usually involving armed bandits.

Avoid travelling outside urban areas at night as there have been occasional armed robberies on the main highways.

There have been incidences of armed robbery in some National Parks. If you intend to visit a National Park, seek advice from a tour operator or from the park administration in advance.

If you plan to travel outside Antananarivo, you should re-confirm bookings before departure.

Road Travel

You should avoid driving outside urban areas after dark, as there have been armed robberies at night on some of the major roads.

Road conditions vary greatly. In the rainy season (December to April), most secondary roads are impassable (except by four-wheel-drive vehicles) and bridges are frequently washed away. There has recently been a series of accidents resulting in fatalities involving bush taxis. If you have concerns over the safety of the vehicle or the ability of the driver, you should use alternative methods of transport.

Operation of river ferries may be irregular. Check with the local authorities before setting off to find out whether your chosen route is passable.

Most of the major roads out of Antananarivo carry heavy freight traffic and have a number of steep gradients and sharp bends. Drive with extreme caution.

Malagasy regulations specify that foreigners driving in Madagascar require an international driving licence.

For more general information see our Driving Abroad page.

Air Travel

The EU has published a list of air carriers that are subject to an operating ban or restrictions within the community. You should check the to see whether this will affect your travel - European Commission Transport - Air.

For more general information see Airline Security.

Local laws and customs

In some parts of Madagascar aspects of daily life are regulated by taboos, known as fady. These vary from one region to another. Fady can range from forbidden foods to restrictions in clothing. Some areas subject to fady may be forbidden to foreigners, but these are mainly in remote parts of the country. If you intend to visit remote areas, you should seek prior advice either locally or from your tour operator and respect local fady wherever possible to avoid causing offence.

Drug smuggling is a serious offence. Punishments can be severe.

There are no laws against homosexuality.

The Malagasy Authorities have recently introduced laws against consorting with female prostitutes. The campaign against sexual abuse of under age children (18 years) is strictly enforced with particular regard to foreign tourists.

You should carry some form of identification with you at all time. The police can and do stop vehicles and pedestrians to check papers, particularly late at night.

The import and export of foodstuffs (including fruit), protected plants and animals is illegal.

Non-residents may take up to 1 kilogram of precious and semi-precious stones out of the country provided proper receipts are produced; residents are restricted to taking 250 grams out of Madagascar.

You may only take out 100 grams of vanilla.

For more general information for different types of travellers see our Your trip page.

Entry requirements

Visas

Visas are required for entry to Madagascar. 30-day tourist visas may be obtained at the airport on arrival. If obtaining a visa at the airport, you should ensure that an entry stamp is recorded in your passport. The visa fee is currently suspended. The Embassy of Madagascar in London also offers a visa service.

Please ensure that your visa is valid for the period and purpose of your journey. Overstaying can lead to detention and eventual deportation.

Passport validity

Your passport must be valid for a minimum of six months from the date of your departure from Madagascar.

Return Air Ticket

Malagasy law requires that visitors have a return air ticket. You will be asked for evidence of this at check-in in the UK and on arrival in Madagascar.

Travelling with children

Minors already in possession of a visa do not need further parental approval for travel.

Yellow Fever Vaccination certificate

If you have previously visited a country where yellow fever is prevalent, you will need to produce a certificate of vaccination against yellow fever on entry. If you cannot produce a certificate, you will be required to visit the Institut Pasteur in Antananarivo to be vaccinated.

Health

Although there are a number of public and private hospitals in Antananarivo, only routine operations can be handled. If complex surgery is required you will be evacuated either to South Africa or La Reunion.

Bilharzia, tuberculosis, rabies, bubonic plague and malaria are common to Madagascar. There have also been reported cases of dengue fever and Chikungunya virus. Outbreaks of cholera do occur, particularly during the rainy season (December-April). You should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. If you suffer from diarrhoea during a visit to Madagascar you should seek immediate medical attention.

You should avoid mosquito bites and contact with domestic animals such as cows, goats and sheep and the blood, organs or body fluids of such animals.

In December 2009, there was a report of a death from yellow fever in the provinces. British nationals in Madagascar should check the status of their yellow fever vaccinations and ensure they carry a valid health certificate when travelling abroad.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 13,000 adults aged 15 or over in Madagascar were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 0.1% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see our HIV and AIDS page.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Madagascar and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up to date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Heath Network and Centre NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see our Travel Health and Pandemic Influenza pages.

Natural disasters

The cyclone season in Madagascar normally runs from January to March. Coastal areas are particularly affected. You should monitor local and international weather updates from the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and the National Hurricane Center. See our Tropical cyclones page.

On 17 February 2008 Tropical Cyclone Ivan hit the north east coast of Madagascar; travel and communication in these areas may still be restricted.

The capital Antananarivo is not seriously affected by cyclones.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. This should include cover for medical evacuation by air ambulance. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See our Travel Insurance page.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas then see our When Things Go Wrong page.

Representation

There is no British Embassy in Madagascar, but there are Honorary British Consuls in Antananarivo (Tel: 00 261 20 2452180 or Email: ricana@moov.mg), and Toamasima (Tel: 00 261 20 5332548 or Email: sealtmm@moov.mg), website: http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/ who can be contacted by people in either region in emergencies only. All other enquiries should be directed to the British High Commission in Port Louis, Mauritius, which covers Madagascar.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

• More information about registering with LOCATE.

Money

Limits on the amount of money which can be changed at one time are in place, although these are gradually being relaxed. You should check with individual banks. Western Union operates for inward currency transfers only. You should also check opening hours of Western Union agencies as these may vary. Some banks will only change Euros or US Dollars. Travellers' cheques are accepted by most banks. However, there have been cases of fraudulent American Express travellers’ cheques in circulation and some banks now refuse to accept them. The local bank, BMOI, will not accept travellers’ cheques issued by Thomas Cook.

Credit cards are accepted at a growing number of outlets in Antananarivo and in the provinces, but their use is still not widespread. A charge of up to 7% of the transaction value is levied. ATM's are increasingly available around the capital and in some of the larger towns. A charge of about 1.5% is made.

The maximum amount of Malagasy currency you can withdraw at a time is 400,000 Ariary (approximately £120). Some banks will not exchange local currency back into foreign currency. Youshould ensure you are not left with large amounts of Malagasy Ariary at the end of your stay. Keep transaction slips showing amounts of foreign currency transferred in local currency. Foreign currency of more than 7,500 Euros in value must be declared on arrival.

Liberia travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with amendments to the Summary and the Political section (removal of reference to re-run of by election and an amendment to wording about violence against government property on 10 June). The overall level of the advice has not changed; we currently advise against all but essential travel to areas of Liberia outside the capital, Monrovia.

Travel Summary

• We advise against all but essential travel to areas of Liberia outside the capital, Monrovia. You should be aware that the ability of the national authorities and the UN to provide emergency assistance outside Monrovia is limited and it is recommended that you do not travel overnight outside Monrovia. You should not travel to Liberia unless you have made adequate security arrangements with a reliable organisation in advance of your arrival. You should also check the security situation before travelling to any part of the country.
  
  
• Violent crime is prevalent in Monrovia, particularly after dark. We recommend that you do not walk anywhere in Monrovia at night. See the Crime section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• There is no British Embassy in Liberia. The British Government has limited ability to assist British nationals in Liberia. The British Ambassador to Liberia resides in Freetown, Sierra Leone. See the general (representation) section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• Demonstrations anywhere in the country can quickly become violent. The Liberian National Police supported by UN peacekeepers will respond to any public order incidents but the response time can be very slow. You should avoid large crowds. See the political situation section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• Most British visitors to Liberia are working for the UN or international NGOs. The main type of incident for which British nationals required consular assistance in Liberia in 2007 was for replacing lost or stolen passports.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism, but you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. See the general (insurance) section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• Visitors are warned that as a result of labour disputes at the Guthrie Rubber Plantation. There are regular large scale blockages of the Bo Waterside road leading to the border with Sierra Leone. Visitors should check the latest position with the police or UNMIL before attempting to drive along this route.
  

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism, but you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

For more general information see our terrorism abroad page.

Crime

There is a significant level of crime in Monrovia - including violent crime. The Liberian National Police has very limited capability to prevent or detect crime, or to provide emergency response in any part of the country. Levels of crime are much higher after dark, and we recommend that you do not walk anywhere in the city at night. You should avoid walking alone at any time.
Most crime is opportunistic theft, although there are some more organised criminal gangs. Thieves are often armed with knives or machetes, but occasionally also carry firearms. While Liberians are the main victims of crime, the relative wealth of international visitors makes them an attractive target for criminals when the opportunity arises. You should avoid carrying valuables in public and be vigilant at all times, especially at night.
There have been incidents of muggings of foreigners in the Mamba Point and Sinkor areas of Monrovia, where most international visitors stay. Criminals also operate in other areas frequented by foreigners, such as nightclubs and beaches. Accommodation occupied by international workers has occasionally been targeted by burglars. Thefts have occurred in taxis, and you are advised not to use local public transport. There is a high incidence of rape in Liberia and there have been a number of rapes and attempted rapes involving expatriate women. For more information see our rape and sexual assault abroad page.

Breakouts from prisons around Liberia are a regular occurrence and the escapees rarely caught. Visitors should be aware that such people will be desperate to avoid capture and are likely to be armed; take extra care when approached by strangers and when driving through high density areas or off the main roads.
You are advised to consider your security arrangements carefully before your arrival in Liberia. You should ensure that you are supported by a reliable organisation with a comprehensive and adequate security plan. You should stay only in reputable accommodation with adequate guarding and other security arrangements, and arrange for transport for the duration of your stay, including travel to and from the airport.

For more general information see our victims of crime abroad page.

Political Situation

Liberia country profile

The overall security situation in Liberia has improved following the end of conflict in 2003. A democratically-elected Liberian government is working closely with the UN and the international community to provide increased stability and development.
UN Peacekeepers from the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) are deployed to the main population centres around Liberia, and patrol the principal roads. They have the ability to deploy in any part of the country in response to any public order incidents or other threat to security. However, some more remote areas of the country may be patrolled only irregularly under normal conditions. The security situation remains volatile. Localised protests over political developments, salaries or working conditions can quickly turn into violent demonstrations. You should avoid all crowds. The local security authorities, supported by UNMIL, respond to outbreaks of public disorder. In recent instances, demonstrations have dispersed with only low level violence.

The security situation in Liberia is assessed to have deteriorated slightly following a major disturbance in Harper in June and recent unrest by Guthrie Rubber Plantation workers, the Guinean community, market traders and dismissed Inter-con guards. The controversial Population Threshold Bill and TRC Report remained key political issues and the demolition campaign in Monrovia remains a point of concern for the local population. The poorest people in the city are most affected by the destruction of their homes, being left homeless during the rainy season.
Following the end of the conflict, a large number of weapons were collected through a voluntary disarmament programme, and the carrying of firearms other than hunting weapons is now banned.

On 10 June 2009, approximately 200 people gathered at JJ Dossen Hospital, Harper, following a reported case of murder earlier that morning. After failure to deliver a determination of whether the victim was a result of ritual killing on 11 June, a large mob formed – estimated to be above 2,000. The mob grew in size and violence and caused destruction at the hospital, the LNP station, and the County Superintendent’s house. Harper Prison was destroyed, and 34 prisoners released. The medical official concerned has since disappeared, and LNP is pursuing both the prisoners and those who violently participated in the mob. The county imposed a night time curfew, and UNMIL has ordered reinforcement of troops to Harper.

Violent incidents, particularly in rural areas, are also possible as a result of land disputes, illegal mining and occupation of rubber plantations. Illegal rubber tappers have been responsible for a number of attacks on security forces in the Firestone rubber plantation, and you are advised to avoid travelling away from the major routes within the plantation. Organised groups of former combatants may be present in some inaccessible areas of the country with limited government and UNMIL presence, including Sinoe rubber plantation and Sapo National Park.

On 17 November 2007 a dispute with local communities over the expansion of the LAC rubber plantation in Grand Bassa county led to the fatal shooting of the plantation manager, a Belgian national. The murder is under investigation, and a number of arrests have been made, but tensions remain high. UNMIL has increased its patrols in the area of the plantation, but there is a possibility of further disturbances and we recommend that you avoid the area.

The political and security situation in some neighbouring countries is volatile. We advise against all but essential travel to areas of Liberia outside the capital, Monrovia. However, should you decide to travel outside Monrovia you should exercise particular caution if travelling in areas bordering Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). Check our Travel Advice for Liberia and Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) and any countries that you will be transiting on your way to/from Liberia.

Local Travel

We advise against all but essential travel to areas of Liberia outside the capital, Monrovia, and in particular against spending the night outside Monrovia. UNMIL and the local security services are less able to offer assistance outside the capital. The availability of secure accommodation in most towns and in rural areas is very limited. Medical facilities are even more basic than in Monrovia, and in many areas non-existent.

Many organisations, including the UN and the US Embassy, impose restrictions on staff travel outside Monrovia. If you decide to travel outside Monrovia, you should avoid travelling alone, particularly at night and to secluded places.

You should not travel to Liberia unless you have made adequate security arrangements with a reliable organisation in advance of your arrival. You should also check the security situation before travelling to any part of the country, for example on UNMIL radio 91.5 FM.

You should be prepared to stop at checkpoints operated by UNMIL, the Liberian National Police, or other Liberian security authorities, which are found on roads throughout the country. You should also immediately pull over to the side of the road when instructed by security forces accompanying VIP convoys.

You should be aware that the Samuel K Doe Stadium in Monrovia can become overcrowded during major football matches or events.

The rainy season (May to November) makes travel to outlying areas particularly difficult and hazardous.

Roberts International Airport is around 30 miles from central Monrovia. There is no reliable public transport between the airport and the city centre. You should arrange for private transport in advance of arrival.

Public transport (including taxis) may be neither reliable nor safe; you are advised not to use local public transport.

Road Travel

Road conditions are generally poor. Apart from a small number of major roads in central Monrovia, all roads are unlit. The roads from Monrovia to Roberts International Airport, to the border with Sierra Leone at Bo Waterside, and to the border with Guinea at Ganta are paved and in reasonable condition. Most other roads outside Monrovia are unpaved. Driving and road conditions deteriorate significantly during the rainy season (May to November), and many roads may become impassable. You should make precautionary arrangements for dealing with breakdowns with the general security situation in mind, including considering travel with more than one vehicle. Traffic accidents can quickly draw hostile crowds, who may attempt to take justice into their own hands. We advise that you use a local driver outside Monrovia and in the high density areas rather than driving oneself.
The standard of driving is generally poor. If driving yourself, you should be particularly alert to dangers from other vehicles swerving to avoid potholes and from taxis slowing or stopping unpredictably to pick up or drop off passengers.
For more general information see our driving abroad page.

Air Travel

The European Commission has published a list of air carriers that are subject to an operating ban or restrictions within the European Union. You should check the following link to see whether this will affect your travel - European Commission Transport - air. We advise that the list of air carriers that are subject to an operating ban or restrictions within the European Union is taken into consideration when planning any regional travel in West Africa.

Any airline from outside the EU or European Economic area, which wishes to pick up or put down passengers or cargo in the UK, requires a permit from the Secretary of State. It is a condition of the permit that the airline should be operated in accordance with international safety standards established by the International Civil Aviation Organisation. No airline registered in Liberia currently has a permit to land in the UK. There are currently no commercial operators of domestic flights within Liberia.

For more general information see airline security.

River and Sea Travel

Liberia has many attractive beaches, but the Atlantic Ocean can be unpredictable and subject to rip tides and other dangerous currents. Swimmers should take care and consult local advice before entering the water. Canoes and fishing boats plying the coast and offering passenger services are regularly overwhelmed by strong waves and currents and are best avoided. In June a boat carrying some 40 passengers went down with only eight survivors.

For more general information see river and sea safety.

Local laws and customs

You should not become involved with drugs of any kind. The import of arms is prohibited by UN sanctions. If you commit criminal offences, including drug trafficking and diamond smuggling you can expect to be subjected to local law. There are heavy penalties for those convicted. Local prison conditions are harsh. Homosexuality is illegal in Liberia. You should carry photographic identification with you at all times, and may be asked to produce it at any time by immigration officials or the police.

For more general information see your trip.

Adoption

The government office responsible for adoptions in Liberia is the Ministry of Justice. All petitions for adoption are filed in the Probate Court, which issues a decree of adoption if all legal requirements are met. Adoption orders from Liberia are not recognised in the UK. Liberian nationals require visas to enter the UK. If you are returning to live in the UK, you will need to apply for entry clearance for the child as a child coming for adoption in the UK. A UN report published in March 2007 expressed concern about shortcomings in Liberian national regulation and central oversight of adoption, as well as the lack of implementation of international standards. The government ordered a recent enquiry into inter country adoptions and has tightened regulations on this.

Entry requirements

Visas

All British nationals require a visa to enter Liberia. Visas must be obtained before arrival and can be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Liberia in London.

Passports

You should ensure that your passport is valid for the full duration of your stay in Liberia.

Yellow Fever Vaccination Certifications

You need to show a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate when entering Liberia.

Registration of Residents

If you are intending to reside in Liberia, you are required to register after your arrival with the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization (BIN) (Broad Street, Monrovia). Short term visitors are not required to register with the BIN.

Exit Tax

A departure tax of US$40 is payable in cash at the airport. Exact change is required.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country. For further information on what exactly will be required at immigration, please contact the Embassy of the Republic of Liberia in London.

Health

Hospitals and medical facilities throughout Liberia are poorly equipped. There are no emergency services. Blood supplies are unreliable and unsafe, and medication is scarce. There is no effective public or commercial Accident and Emergency or Ambulance service anywhere in the country. You should carry basic medical supplies.

Water-borne diseases, malaria and other tropical diseases are common in Liberia; there have been outbreaks of yellow fever. There are seasonal and sporadic outbreaks of cholera, normally associated with poor sanitation and a lack of access to clean drinking water.

You should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. If you suffer from diarrhoea during a visit to Liberia you should seek immediate medical attention.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 32,000 adults aged 15 or over in Liberia were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 1.7% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Liberia and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up to date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see our travel health and Swine Flu pages and the UK Department of Health website. You should also monitor local media reports for any developments and advice.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive medical and travel insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. You should also ensure that your insurance covers you for medical treatment and evacuation (medical facilities in Liberia are poor), accidents, cancelled flights and stolen cash, credit cards, passport and luggage.

For more general information see our travel insurance page.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas then see our When Things Go Wrong page.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

Representation

There is no British Embassy in Liberia. The British Government has limited ability to assist British nationals in Liberia. The British Ambassador to Liberia resides in Freetown, Sierra Leone.

You should be aware that we are unable to provide you with formal consular assistance. Only very limited consular assistance can be provided from the British High Commission in Freetown with whom you should register and stay in contact.

Money

Credit cards are not accepted in Liberia and very few outlets will accept travellers' cheques. Two cash machines/ATMs accepting only Visa cards were recently installed in two main hotels frequented by international visitors, but foreign exchange and banking facilities remain limited. Western Union has a number of agents in Liberia who are able to transfer money from the UK, although there are very few outside Monrovia. You should bring sufficient funds, in US Dollars cash, to cover all expenses.

Lesotho travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with amendments to the Safety and Security section (reference to student demonstrations). The overall level of the advice has not changed; there are no travel restrictions in place in Lesotho.

Travel Summary

• There is no British High Commission in Lesotho, but there is an Honorary British Consul who can be contacted in consular emergencies only. All other enquiries should be directed to the British High Commission in Pretoria. See the contact details of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• You are advised not to walk about Maseru or drive in rural areas at night. There have been incidents of muggings and vehicle hijacking, some involving firearms. There have also been incidents of armed robbery in Maseru and increase in gun-related crime. Sporadic demonstrations are possible.
  
  
• Most visits to Lesotho are trouble-free. We are not aware of any British nationals who required consular assistance in Lesotho in 2009.
  
  
• There is a low threat from terrorism, but you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. See the Terrorism section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. See the general (insurance) section of this Travel Advice.
  

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a low threat from terrorism, but you should be aware of the global risk of indiscriminate terrorist attacks which could be in public areas, including those frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. For more general information see terrorism abroad.

Crime

Gun-related crime in Maseru is increasing.

Muggers in central Maseru, even in daylight, often target foreign nationals, frequently at knife point. You are advised not to walk alone in isolated areas. Only carry essentials with you. Keep valuables out of sight. You are advised not to walk around Maseru after dark and avoid driving in rural areas at night. When driving in urban centres, especially Maseru, keep doors locked, windows shut and valuables out of sight. Park in well-lit areas and do not pick up strangers. Take care at the approaches to main border crossings, particularly at night.

Armed car-jacking are increasing.

There are occasional armed robberies in Maseru. If you are involved in such an incident, offer no residence.

Take precautions to safeguard valuables and cash. Deposit them in hotel safes, where practicable. Keep separate copies of important documents, including passports. For more general information see victims of crime abroad.

Political Situation

There are occasionally spontaneous political demonstrations in Maseru. In October and November 2009 there were student demonstrations following shooting incidents at the National University of Lesotho and Lesotho Agricultural College. You should avoid demonstrations, rallies and large public gatherings as a precaution.

There was an assassination attempt on Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili on April 22 2009. No British nationals were injured in this incident.

Lesotho country profile

Local Travel

There is no effective public transport system or reliable taxi service in Lesotho.

Road Travel

A British driving licence or International driving licence is valid for use in Lesotho for up to three months. A local driving licence must then be obtained.

Driving standards in Lesotho are poor and you should drive carefully. Local mini-bus taxis are poorly maintained, often uninsured and invariably ignore road safety rules. Animals roaming on the roads are a hazard, especially at night.

For more general information see driving abroad.

Air Travel

The European Commission has published a list of air carriers that are subject to an operating ban or restrictions within the European Union. You should check the following link to see whether this will affect your travel - European Commission Transport - air.

For more general information see airline security.

Local laws and customs

Homosexuality is illegal. Possession of drugs is a serious offence. Punishments can be severe. For more general information for different types of travellers see your trip.

Entry requirements

Visas

British nationals can obtain entry visas on arrival. Overstaying without proper authority is a serious matter. You may be held in detention.

Passport Validity

You must hold a valid British passport, which should be valid for at least a further six months and have at least two spare pages to allow the immigration authorities to affix visa stamps.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country.

South Africa

If you intend to visit South Africa before or after Lesotho you should be aware that South African authorities state officially that only one blank passport page is required for entry, but there have been reports that some South Africa officials insist on two blank pages. We recommend you have two blank pages.

Health

Lesotho has only very basic medical facilities. Expatriates use the medical facilities in Bloemfontein, South Africa, a 90-minute drive (140km) from Maseru.

In the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 260,000 adults aged 15 or over in Lesotho were living with HIV; the prevalence rate was estimated at around 23.2% of the adult population. This compares to the prevalence rate in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Lesotho and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) or NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47. For more general health information see Travel Health.

General

Insurance

We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling, including cover for medical evacuation by air. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see Travel Insurance.

If things do go wrong when you are oversees then this is When Things Go Wrong.

Registration

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

Representation

There is no British High Commission in Lesotho, but there is a British Honorary Consul in Maseru, who can be contacted in consular emergencies only: Peter Barrett Sentinel Park United Nations Road Maseru Lesotho Telephone: (266) 2231 5537
Mobile: (266) 5885 1210
Facsimile: (266) 2232 6237
E-mail: barrett@leo.co.ls

All other enquiries should be directed to the British High Commission in Pretoria, which covers Lesotho. You can apply for new passports at the Consular Section of the British High Commission in Pretoria in person or by courier (you pay the charges if you use a courier).

Money

A couple of ATMs in Lesotho have the facility to accept international ATM cards but are unreliable (First National Bank and Standard Bank). Credit cards are not widely accepted. You should take traveller's cheques or South African Rand in cash, which circulates as an official currency in Lesotho along with the Maloti.

Kenya travel advice

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with a minor amendment to the Terrorism section (Somali interests). The overall level of the advice has not changed; we currently advise against all but essential travel to some areas of Kenya.

Travel Summary

• There is a high threat from terrorism in Kenya. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travelers. Previous attacks have included a bomb attack on a hotel, which resulted in significant loss of life, and an unsuccessful attempt to bring down a civilian airliner in Mombasa, both in November 2002.
  
  
• We advise against all but essential travel to low income areas of Nairobi, including all township or slum areas, which experience high crime levels. See the crime section of this advice.
  
  
• We advise against all but essential travel to within 30 kilometres of Kenya's border with Somalia. There have been recent attacks by Somali militia into Kenya and the recent kidnapping of three aid workers in July and of two Western nuns in November 2008. See the Terrorism section of this advice.
  
  
• Piracy is a significant threat in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, especially for shipping which does not take appropriate precautions or follow agreed shipping industry best practice guidelines. See the Sea Travel section of this Travel Advice.
  
  
• 123,322 British Nationals visited Kenya in 2008 (Source: Kenya Tourist Board). 114 British nationals required consular assistance in Kenya in the period 01 April 2008 – 31 March 2009 for the following types of incident, deaths (29 cases), hospitalisations (22 cases), and arrests, for a variety of offences (41 cases). During this period assistance was also requested with regard to lost or stolen passports (127 cases).
  
  
• We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. See the General (Insurance) section of this Travel Advice.

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a high threat from terrorism in Kenya. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travelers. While there have not been any terrorist attacks in Kenya since 2002, we know that Al-Qaeda has the potential to carry out attacks against Western targets. The leadership of Al-Shabaab, a Somalia based Islamist insurgency group, have publicly threatened to attack Kenya should the Kenyan government provide support to the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG). Somalia interests in Kenya may also be targeted.

The most recent attacks in Kenya include:

• A suicide car bomb attack on a hotel near Mombasa on 28 November 2002, in which at least 15 people died.
• An unsuccessful attempt to shoot down an Israeli charter plane on the same day.

These incidents illustrate the continued threat posed by terrorism in Kenya and the capacity of terrorist groups to carry out attacks.

In July 2009, three aid workers were kidnapped from the Kenyan border town of Mandera and taken into Somalia. In November 2008 armed groups based in Somalia crossed into Kenya near the town of El Wak and kidnapped two Western nuns. It is not known why the aid workers or the nuns were targeted. Any travel to remote areas or border regions could put you at risk of being the target of attacks or kidnappings.

You should be aware that the long-standing policy of the British Government is not to make substantive concessions to hostage takers. The British Government considers that paying ransoms and releasing prisoners increases the risk of further hostage taking.

For further information see our Terrorism Abroad page.

Crime

There are incidents of car-jacking and armed robbery involving foreign nationals in and around Nairobi.

You should remain vigilant at all times, particularly at night and on the roads that link Nairobi city centre to residential areas. You should avoid stopping at the side of the road and should drive defensively, with vehicle doors locked and windows closed at all times.

Cases of kidnapping have increased recently in Nairobi and some other major towns. Some have been opportunist crimes linked to car-jackings, while others appear to have been more organised. A resident British citizen was kidnapped on 29 October 2009 and two other recent incidents involved resident European nationals. Although there is no evidence of the expatriate community being specifically targeted, both resident and visiting British citizens should remain vigilant at all times. See the Terrorism section of this advice for the British Government's policy on concessions to hostage takers including payment of ransoms.

Muggings and armed attacks by gangs can occur at any time, particularly in Nairobi and Mombasa. Avoid walking around after dark as attacks can occur anywhere, but especially in isolated areas such as empty beaches. There have been a number of armed attacks on golf courses around Nairobi, be extra vigilant while playing in remote areas away from the Club House of any golf courses. Be alert at all times. Do not accept food or drink from strangers as it may be drugged. Only stay in tourist camps with good perimeter security. If in doubt, seek advice from your tour operator or the Kenya Tourist Federation (Tel: + 254 20 604730). Do not carry valuables or wear jewellery in public places. Do not carry credit cards or cash cards unless you must: people have been forced by thieves to withdraw cash. Beware of thieves posing as police officers; always ask to see identification.

In August 2009 a British resident was attacked and killed near Voi. Another British resident was killed in Thika in October and one in Nairobi in November. Two British visitors were killed during their stay in Mombasa in October.

We advise against all but essential travel to low income areas of Nairobi, including all township or slum areas, which experience high crime levels. Such areas include, but are not limited to, Kibera, Mathare, Huruma, Kariobangi and Kawangware.

We advise against all but essential travel to within 30 kilometres of the border with Somalia. There remains a high threat of clashes between the Kenyan military and armed Somali groups along the border. There have been recent attacks on the border town of Mandera by Somali militias.

Incidents of armed car-hijackings are more prevalent in Nairobi and Mombasa but can occur in any area of the country. Do not attempt to escape from hijackers or resist their demands (See Local Travel for more information).

You should take precautions for your personal and vehicle safety and travel in convoy in remote areas.

If you are involved in any security incident you should insist with both the Kenyan authorities and your tour operator that the British High Commission be informed straight away.

For more general information see our Victims of Crime Abroad page.

Political Situation

Kenya Country Profile

On 13 April 2008 President Kibaki announced a Grand Coalition cabinet bringing to an end weeks of negotiation following the signing of a power-sharing agreement on 28 February. However tension in Kenya remains, particularly in parts of Rift Valley and Central Province, which received large influxes of Kenyans displaced in the post-election violence.

Local Travel

Large public gatherings and demonstrations occur from time to time and should be avoided. Any rallies, even if advertised as peaceful, could potentially turn violent. You should check local media reports for information on future demonstrations.

Rural areas, and in particular the arid north and north eastern parts of Kenya experience sporadic cattle rustling, banditry and ethnic clashes which regularly cause fatalities. Whilst foreigners are not usually the targets of localised violence and banditry, travel in the north and north east should only be undertaken with care and after seeking the advice of the police and in convoy with at least two vehicles to ensure back-up. You should be alert and avoid demonstrations and gatherings of people in these areas, which could turn violent.

Most visits to game reserves and other tourist areas are trouble-free. Since May 2009 there has been an influx of armed herdsmen with large numbers of cattle into some game parks. Operations by the authorities to remove them, particularly in the Shaba and Buffalo Springs reserves in the Isiolo area of Eastern Province, have given rise to tension and resultant insecurity in the area. Whilst there is no evidence that tourists are deliberately targeted, there have been isolated incidents of tourists being caught in clashes. There have also been reports of bandits attacking vehicles travelling on the road from Isiolo to Archer's Post towards the reserves. Travellers planning to use this road should travel in convoy or by air.

Robberies of visitors to other game parks, including the Masai Mara have also occasionally been reported. A robbery within the park on 8 October 2009 involved two British nationals. Security at camps within the Masai Mara has been stepped up as a result of recent incidents. If you wish to visit reserves you should use reputable tour operators and arrive at your destination in daylight hours. You are advised not to buy safari tours from touts but only through reputable agencies or from your hotel. You should always follow park regulations and wardens' advice, but be aware that there are risks associated with viewing wildlife, particularly on foot or at close range. Bathing in rivers and lakes is forbidden National Parks and is best avoided elsewhere due to the dangers from both wildlife and from water-borne diseas.

The area of Mount Elgon in Western Kenya (next to the Ugandan border) has been the site of armed clashes since December 2006. A large-scale security operation in early 2008 has stabilised the area but a large security force presence remains and there continues to be a risk of further incidents. You should seek local advice if intending to travel in the area of Mount Elgon.

The border with Somalia has been closed since 3 January 2007. In addition landmines have in the past been used in attacks around Moyale, close to the main A2 road south. Vehicles crossing the Kenya-Ethiopia border at this point should stay on the A2, avoid staying at the rest house at Sololo, and travel directly to Marsabit Town before breaking the journey.

If you visit Lamu Island, do so by air if possible. This is for security reasons and also because of the bad road conditions. Buses and other vehicles on the road to Lamu have been attacked by armed robbers in the past and overland travel from Lamu to Malindi should only be undertaken in an armed police convoy.

Road Travel

An UK Driving Licence is sufficient in Kenya for up to three months. For stays of longer than three months a Kenyan driving licence is required. Only hire vehicles from reputable companies.

Take care if driving, especially at night, as road conditions and driving standards are often poor. You are advised to avoid driving at night wherever possible.

There have been a number of serious accidents involving Kenyan long-distance bus services. Vehicles are often poorly maintained, and driven at excessive speed even on poorly maintained roads. Check with any bus operator on the standards they observe before using this form of transport. Another common form of public transport is the matatu, usually a minibus plying a specific route. Though very cheap to use, matatus are notorious for being poorly maintained, badly driven and in some instances do not have proper insurance cover. There are frequent reports of matatus being hijacked, or of passengers being robbed. You are advised to think carefully before using matatus.

For more general information see our Driving Abroad page.

Rail Travel

Passenger trains run between Nairobi and Kisumu and between Nairobi and Mombasa. Quoted arrival and departure times may vary. First, second and third class compartments are available on both routes. Doors can only be locked from the inside. Passengers are advised to take care of their belongings while on the train and at the railway stations. If you are leaving your compartment, it is advisable to take your valuables with you.

Air Travel

We are concerned about the lack of security arrangements in place at Wilson airport in Nairobi. The airport is mainly used for domestic flights, including charters. Concerns have been raised with the Kenyan authorities. We continue to monitor the situation. You should remain vigilant at all times when transiting airports.

If you plan to charter a private aircraft, you are advised to check with the company's Safety Pilot about the condition of the aircraft and runways to be used. If the company has no Safety Pilot, seek another that does.

For more general information see our Airline Security page.

Sea Travel

Piracy is a significant threat in the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean and has occurred as far as 1000 nautical miles from the coast of Somalia. Attacks of piracy and armed robbery against vessels in and around the Gulf of Aden and Somali Basin continue to affect only a very small proportion of overall shipping, but are frequent and continuing, proving successful almost exclusively against shipping which has not complied with agreed shipping industry best practice on self-defence measures, including on routing. All mariners should follow the 'Best Management Practise for the Gulf of Aden and off Somalia' (http://www.icc-ccs.org.uk/images/stories/pdfs/bmp 21-8-2009.pdf), published by the International Maritime Bureau. We urge mariners to register with the Maritime Security Centre (Horn of Africa) for up to date advice and guidance on passage round the Horn of Africa - www.mschoa.org, and to plan their routing carefully so as to avoid placing themselves in unnecessary danger.

Mariners can find more general information on our River and Sea Safety page.

Local laws and customs

Although there are no strict dress codes, you should note that the coastal areas are predominantly Muslim in tradition. You should dress conservatively away from the tourist resorts and hotels, especially in Mombasa town, to avoid offending local sensitivities. You should respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious areas. For more general information see travelling during ramadan.

Smoking in all public places (except in designated areas) is prohibited throughout Kenya. This applies to areas such as hotel grounds, lounge areas and entrances. If you wish to smoke in your hotel room please confirm first with hotel management that it is permitted. Smoking outdoors in open places, including any public street, beaches and open areas is not banned under the Act. Offences attract fines ranging from 50,000 to three million Kenya shillings and/or imprisonment for six months to three years. If in doubt about whether smoking is permitted in a certain place, it is recommended that you should check before doing so or refrain from smoking.

The use and trafficking of illegal Class A drugs in Kenya carries heavy fines and jail sentences. The penalty for possession is ten years imprisonment.

You must obtain a valid work permit before taking up any paid or volunteer work in Kenya; the penalties for not doing so can be a fine, jail or deportation depending on the nature of the offence.

The taking of photographs of official buildings, including Embassies, is not recommended and can lead to detention. If in any doubt about what a building is used for, do not photograph it or film around it.

Permission to carry any kind of firearm must be obtained from the local authorities prior to entry.

It is illegal to destroy Kenyan currency whatever the denomination.

Homosexual activity is illegal in Kenya.

For more general information for different types of travellers see our Your Trip page.

Entry requirements

Visas

Adults who hold a British passport need a visa to enter Kenya. Kenyan authorities state that you need sufficient space in your passport for your visa. If you arrive with a passport that is full you will be refused entry. We advise that you have two blank pages in your passport on arrival.

For a single entry business / holiday visa, the fee is currently $25, £20 or 20 Euros.

For a transit visa, the fee is currently $10, £10 or 10 Euros.

Children under the age of 16 who hold a British passport do not currently require a visa to enter Kenya but will receive a gratis stamp in their passport on arrival.

Visas may be obtained on arrival by air (using any of the currencies above) or in advance (using Sterling only) from the Kenya High Commission

Passport validity

You require six month's remaining validity on your passport to enter Kenya.

Airport Departure Tax

In Kenya there is an airport departure tax of 20 US Dollars. Payment is also accepted in Kenyan Shillings. This tax is normally included in the price of airline tickets but if you are unsure, you should check with the airline or travel company.

Work permits

If you are coming to live and work in Kenya, you should be aware that there can be delays in obtaining work permits. It is illegal to work without a permit and this also applies to voluntary work and to the self-employed. British nationals living in Kenya are advised to register with the British High Commission in Nairobi: Kenya: British High Commission Nairobi.

Travelling with children

Single parents or other adults travelling alone with children should be aware that some countries require documentary evidence of parental responsibility before allowing lone parents to enter the country or, in some cases, before permitting the children to leave the country. For further information on exactly what will be required at Immigration, please contact the Kenya High Commission in London.

Health

Cholera & Malaria

Cholera and malaria occur in Kenya. The latter is found outside of Nairobi and in areas below 1,800 metres above sea level.

In March 2009 an alert was issued by the Kenyan Ministry of Health, following an outbreak of cholera. There have been thousands of cases and a significant number of deaths. The outbreak has so far affected Nyanza, Western, Rift Valley, Eastern and North Eastern provinces. Cases of cholera continue to be reported in these areas. You should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. Food prepared by unlicensed vendors should be avoided at any time. If you suffer from diarrhoea during a visit to Kenya you should seek immediate medical attention.

HIV/AIDS

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see our HIV and AIDS page.

General

There is a dedicated “Swine Flu” page on the FCO website www.fco.gov.uk/en/travelling-and-living-overseas/swine-flu. Guidance on Pandemic Flu can be obtained on the UK Department of Health website: www.dh.gov.uk.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Kenya and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up to date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Heath Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) or NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

For more general health information see our Travel Health page. You should monitor media reports for any developments and advice.

Natural disasters

Kenya lies on an active fault line and tremors occur from time to time. The last significant earth tremor to affect the region was a magnitude 5.2 tremor on 20 August 2007. The epicentre was 180-km south west of Nairobi.

General

Insurance

We recommend strongly that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. Medical facilities, including ambulance services, outside major cities are very limited, and your insurance should cover you for the possibility of medical repatriation. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see our Travel Insurance page.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas then see our When Things Go Wrong page.

We advise that you leave your passport in the hotel safe, but carry a photocopy for ID purposes.

Registration with the British High Commission

Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

British nationals visiting Kenya for more than a month and/or travelling to remote areas are recommended to register with the High Commission using the Foreign & Commonwealth Office’s on-line consular registration service. If you are unable to access the internet you should contact the High Commission in advance or on arrival.

Advice on tourist and travel matters

There is a Safety and Communication Centre operated by the Kenya Tourism Federation which can give up to the minute advice on tourist and travel matters, road conditions etc. as well as providing help in an emergency. This can be accessed at any time by telephoning +254 20 604730 or by e-mail to: safetour@wananchi.com.

Time difference

Local time is three hours ahead of British winter time (GMT) and two hours ahead of British summer time (BST).

Money

It is unlikely that you will be able to exchange Scottish or Northern Irish banknotes in Kenya. ATMs are widely available in Nairobi and the main towns. Credit cards and travellers’ cheques are widely accepted.